ã€Introduction】 Camellia, also known as camellia, is a Camellia genus of Camellia. Camellia flower abundance, dignified and elegant, is one of China's traditional top ten famous flowers. It is also one of the world famous flowers. Camellia is native to China. At the beginning of the 7th century, Japan imported tea leaves from China and introduced a large number of Chinese camellia varieties at the beginning of the 15th century. In 1739, the British introduced Camellia to China for the first time, after which camellia was introduced into Europe and the United States. So far, the United States, Britain, Japan, Australia and Italy have developed rapidly in the breeding, breeding and production of camellia, and have entered the stage of industrial production, and varieties, interspecific hybrids and new varieties are continuously on the market. China has a long history of cultivation of camellia. Since the Southern Dynasties, Camellia has been cultivated. Camellia in the Tang Dynasty was cultivated as a precious flower. In the Song Dynasty, cultivation of camellia was very popular. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the camellia of Wenzhou was introduced to Hangzhou and developed quickly. The description of the Camellia varieties in the "History of Flowers" in the Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, cultivation of camellia was more abundant and camellia varieties continued to emerge. Since 1949, the cultivation level of Chinese camellia has been improved, and the breeding of varieties has developed. At present, there are more than 300 camellia species in China. Mass production has begun in Zhejiang, Fujian and Jiangsu. At present, it has become the main potted ornamental plant in the flower market in winter. Morphological Characteristics and Varieties Camellia is an evergreen broad-leaved shrub. Leaves alternate, leathery, oval, margin serrate, dark green. Flowers solitary or 2 to 3 were born at the tip of the shoot or between the leaves. Single or half double petals. Double flap. Common species are single-lobe type of dawn, flower wrinkled edge, pure white; Sai Jinguang, white flowers, was pink lines and sprinkle with fine spots; big flower gold heart, big red flower, flower diameter 6 ~ 7 cm; semi-double flap The genus has Luoyang, red flowers, with white spots; large pine nuts, dark red flowers; drunk Yang Lan, pink flowers; star peach peony, pink flowers. Double petals are white orbs, flowers are pure white; red hibiscus, flower oleanders are red; flowers are hibiscus, flowers are white, with red lines; flowers are rosary, flowers are pink, with irregular red stripes; five cranes hold the ball, flowers big red Flower budding, flower red, with a small amount of white spots; red 18 bachelor, flower red; Chidan, flower red; flower crane, flowers pale red, with white spots. Biological characteristics Camellia is native to China. Hi warm, moist and semi-negative environment. Fear of high temperatures, avoid the hot sun. The optimum temperature for the growth of camellia is 18 to 25°C, 13 to 18°C ​​for March to September, and 10 to 13°C for September to March. When the temperature begins to germinate above 12°C, growth stops above 30°C. The initial flowering temperature is 2°C, and the suitable flower opening temperature is between 10°C and 20°C. The hardy varieties of camellia are resistant to -10°C for a short time, and the general variety is -3---4°C. When the temperature exceeds 35°C in the summer, leaf burns occur. Camellia suitable for adequate moisture, moist air environment, avoid drying. In summer and autumn, when it is hot and dry, it should be watered or sprayed in time. The relative humidity of the air is 70% to 80%. Pay attention to drainage during the rainy season so as not to cause root rot. Camellia is a semi-negative plant, suitable for growth under scattered light, fear of direct light exposure, seedlings need shade. However, long-term overcasting is unfavorable to the growth of camellia, with thin leaves and less blooming, which affects the ornamental value. Adult plants need more light to facilitate flower bud formation and flowering. In open field cultivation, the choice of soil is deep and loose, and drainage is good. A pH of 5 to 6 is most appropriate. Alkaline soil is not suitable for the growth of Camellia. Potted soil with loose, slightly acidic loam or rot leaf soil. [propagation methods] commonly used cuttings, grafting, layering, sowing and tissue culture. Cutting propagation: It is most suitable in the middle of June and the end of August. The current year's half-branched branches with full external organization, leaf integrity, and full leaf buds were selected as cuttings, 8 to 10 cm long, and 2 leaves were left at the tip. When clipping, the base should be as old as possible. After insertion, the callus is easy to form and the roots are fast. The cuttings should be cut in the early morning and they should be inserted with the cuttings, inserted into the substrate about 3 centimeters. When the cuttings are required, the leaves should be transferred to each other. It is better to use shallow inserts so that it breathes and heals quickly. The slotting machine needs to be shaded. The leaves are sprayed every day to keep it moist. The temperature is maintained at 20 to 25°C. Healing starts about 3 weeks after insertion, and rooting takes place after 6 weeks. When the root length is 3 to 4 cm, transplant the pot. When the cuttings are immersed in the base of the cuttings using a 0.4% to 0.5% niobic acid solution for 2 to 5 seconds, there is an obvious effect of promoting rooting. Grafting and propagation: Commonly used for cutting or rooting. From May to June, the survival rate of grafting was the highest when the new shoots had been semi-massed, and the sprouting shoots were quicker when the shoots were live. The rootstock is mainly Camellia oleifera. The seeds are collected in October, and the sand is collected in winter. The seeds are sown in early April in the following year. When the seedlings grow to 4 to 5 cm in length, they can be used for grafting. Using the method of twigs and twigs, the buds of the anvil were divided by the blade. In the center of the cross section of the hypocotyl, a knife was taken along the medullary heart and then a section of the camellia scion was taken. The base of the knot was also cut into a positive wedge shape immediately. Insert the cut scion into the bottom of the root of the rootstock, align the layers on both sides, tie it with a cotton thread, and put on a clean plastic pocket. About 40 days after the removal of the pocket, about 60 days before sprouting shoots. Batten propagation: In the rainy season, select one-year-old sturdy branches, 20 cm from the top, peeled circularly, 1 cm wide, wrapped with rot and bound with a plastic film, take root after about 60 days, cut and pot, and survive. The rate is high. Seeding propagation: suitable for single or semi-double valve species. Seeds mature in mid-October and can be sown. Shallow sowing is better, with vermiculite as a substrate, covering 6 mm, room temperature 21 °C, light 10 hours per night, can promote seed germination, germination starting 15 days after sowing, seedling height within 8 days within 30 days, seedlings with 2 ~ 3 Leaf transplanting. Tissue culture propagation: Explants commonly used seedlings, after routine disinfection, cut into 1 cm long and inoculated with 1 mg/L of kinetin, 1 mg/L of 6-benzyladenine, and 0.1 mg/L of indole acetic acid. On the MS medium, the calli were formed only after 4 weeks of culture without forming shoots. After transferring to the new medium, a 4 cm single shoot begins to form and is soaked in a 0.5 mg/L solution of indole butyrate for 20 minutes and transferred to 1/2MS medium. After 4 weeks, the roots are grown. . After 8 weeks of growth on the long root medium, the seedlings were transplanted into pots filled with perlite and peat. [Cultivation and Management] Camellia planter commonly used 15 to 20 cm pots. Camellia roots are fragile, and care should be taken not to hurt the roots during transplanting. Potted camellia, after spring flowering or from September to October, change basins, cut off the branches or dead branches, and replace them with fertile leaf and soil. Camellia hi moist, but the soil should not be too wet, special potted plants, potted soil is easy to cause rot. On the contrary, irrigation is impenetrable, too dry, and curling of the leaves can also affect bud development. After the spring camellia is changed, there is no need to apply fertilizer immediately. After the summer, the stems and leaves grow vigorously and fertilize once every half month or use "Fengyou" 21-7-7 acid fertilizer. From September to flowering stage, additional 1 or 2 P and K fertilizers were applied. At the end of the summer, the early autumn camellia began to form flower buds, and each branch shoot should have 1 to 2 buds, which should not be too much, so as to avoid consumption of nutrients and affect the flowering of the main buds. Pay attention to the position of leaf buds during bud removal to maintain the appearance of beautiful plants. At the same time, the dry waste buds were removed. ã€Insect Pest Control】When Camellia sinensis is cultivated indoors or in greenhouses, if it is not well ventilated and susceptible to spider mites or scale insects, 40% omethoate EC may be sprayed to prevent or wash. During the rainy season, the air has high humidity and often causes anthrax damage. It can be sprayed with equal amount Bordeaux mixture or 25% carbendazim WP 1000 times. [Post-natal treatment] Camellia has a beautiful crown, bright green leaves, large flowers, and a long flowering period. It coincides with New Year's Day and Spring Festival flowering. Potted plants decorate the guest room, study and balcony, presenting an elegant and luxurious atmosphere. Planted in the courtyard, accompanied by flower walls and pavilions, the scenery is naturally pleasant. In the process of storage and transportation, high temperature and air drying should be prevented, otherwise flower buds and flowers will fall off easily and affect the quality. Industrial 100Hz LiDAR Solutions
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