On January 19, a study published online in Cell magazine entitled "Systemic Immunity Is Required for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy," scientists from the University of California, San Francisco and Stanford University found that successful cancer immunotherapy seems to depend on Whether treatment can trigger a broad immune response in the system, rather than triggering only the local response of the tumor itself. In particular, data from both mouse models and human patients indicate that successful immunotherapy activates peripheral "memory" immune cells. Researchers speculate that such cells are key to increasing the ability of immunotherapy to protect against cancer in the long term. The results of this study provide a new explanation for the current role of immunotherapy in only a few cancer patients. Dr. Matthew Spitzer, the lead author and co-corresponding author of the study, said: "Analysis of the entire body's immune response has led us to realize that successful immunotherapy involves a wide range of local immune systems that are far from the tumor itself, including lymph nodes, Bone marrow and blood. This suggests that stimulating the immune system to produce a more systematic response is expected to significantly enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy." Matthew Spitzer Important Technology Platform: Scaffold Most previous studies on immunotherapy response have focused on how treatment restores immune activity within tumors. In this study, scientists such as Spitzer developed a computing platform called Scaffold that allowed them to visually see the immune response details of the entire body during successful and unsuccessful immunotherapy. The co-author of the study, Edgar G. Dr. Engleman said: "In the past, we really didn't have the ability to analyze the state of the whole body's immune cells in detail. This technology platform allows us to get the details of the immune system 'snapshot', such as the state of the same time point in different tissues, or different The status of the time point." New immunotherapy: stimulating systemic immune response So, based on this platform, how is research conducted? Using a triple-negative breast cancer transgenic mouse model, scientists wanted to study the immune response caused by anti-PD-1 therapy (ineffective for treating these mice) and an experimental treatment (provided to be very effective against triple negative The immune response triggered by breast cancer (a case confirmed by the researchers) is different. This experimental new treatment combines tumor-binding antibodies (a bridge between the tumor and the immune system) and chemicals that activate dendritic cells. Dendritic cells are a class of messenger immune cells that are important for affecting other parts of the immune system. In the study, the team used a sensitive technique called Mass Cytometry to analyze immune cells from different tissues of the body to identify which types of immune cells exist and to understand their functional status. Using Scaffold software, researchers can see that ineffective anti-PD-1 therapy triggers a transient immune response at the tumor itself, and effective experimental therapy triggers a synergistic immune response between different tissues. Spitzer said the results suggest that studies looking for activating immune cells in tumors as a sign of immunotherapy may be in the wrong direction. "In order to be able to achieve effective treatment, we need to see an immune response outside the tumor," he said.
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