Autumn is a period of high incidence of tomato diseases. At this time, in addition to the daily management of tomatoes, growers should pay attention to the prevention and control of tomato diseases. The following Hui Nongwang Xiaobian compiled a common tomato disease prevention and control technology and drug use plan, I hope to help everyone. First, tomato leaf mold 1, distribution is harmful Leaf mold is distributed in most tomato producing areas in China, with heavy damage in North China and Northeast China. In particular, the cultivation of tomatoes in protected areas is serious and can generally reduce production by 20%-30%. 2, symptoms It is mainly harmful to the leaves, and can also damage stems, flowers and fruits in severe cases. In the early stage of the leaves, there are irregular or elliptical yellowish chlorotic spots on the front of the leaves, and the edges are not obvious. The back of the leaves appears grayish white to dark brown dense layer, and later becomes purple-gray or dark gray to black or yellow-brown; At the time, the surface of the leaf surface can also grow a mildew layer. As the disease progresses, the leaves gradually curl from bottom to top, and the lower leaves of the diseased plants gradually spread upward after the onset of the disease, so that the whole leaves are yellow-brown and dry, and the whole plant leaves can be curled when the disease is severe. Diseased flowers often die before fruit setting. Symptoms of stem disease are often similar to leaves. The fruit is infected, and the round or irregular black-brown plaques are formed near the fruit stalk or the fruit surface, and the depression is hardened. 3, the pathogen Cladosporium fulvun is called Trichosporium, a fungus of the genus Hymenoptera. The conidiophores are bundled from the stomata, slightly branched, and initially colorless. It is brown in color and has 1-10 membranes. Most of the cells are enlarged to the left. The conidia are stalked, the spore chain is usually branched, the conidia are cylindrical or elliptical, initially colorless, single cell, then brown, with a membrane growing in the middle to form two cells. 4, the law of occurrence The mycelium and conidiophores survived overwinter with the disease in the soil, or adhered to the seeds over the winter by conidia. Relying on airflow, invading from the stomata. After the germination of the diseased robes, they usually invade from the stomata of the host leaf, and can also invade from the sacs and pedicels. The pathogenic temperature range is 9~34°C, and the optimum temperature is 20~25°C. When the temperature is lower than 10 °C or higher than 30 °C, the disease development can be inhibited, and the light is sufficient, and the short-term warming in the greenhouse is 30~36 °C, which has obvious inhibitory effect on the disease. At 10 °C, the leaf mold incubation period is 27 days, and at 20~25 °C, it is 13 days. The incubation period above 30 °C is prolonged, which is not conducive to the spread of pathogens. Humidity is the main factor affecting the onset. Relative humidity is higher than 90%, which is conducive to the propagation of pathogens. The incidence is heavy: the relative humidity is below 80%, which is not conducive to sporulation, and is not conducive to the development of infection and disease spots. Under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity, it only takes about half a month from the onset of the disease to the general occurrence. It is too densely planted and poorly ventilated, the humidity is too high, and the incidence is serious. Rainy weather or weak light is conducive to the germination and infestation of pathogen spores. In the greenhouse, the big environment, especially the autumn greenhouse, with high humidity and poor illumination is conducive to the occurrence of diseases. Take Shandong as an example. In August, September and early October, it is the pathogen temperature period. Therefore, the autumn greenhouse is heavier than the greenhouse, and the greenhouse is heavier than the ground. The key prevention and control environment is the autumn greenhouse tomato. Take Shanghai as an example. In early May, the temperature rose rapidly, and the rain and rain were opposite. Temperature and humidity were conducive to the occurrence and spread of leaf mold. 5, prevention and treatment methods Selection of resistant varieties, such as Zhongza 105, 皖粉209, Chunxiu A6, Sufen No.9, Jinfen No.2, Zhongyan 958, Chaoyan 219, Chaoyan Powder King, cooperation 905, cooperation 919, new improvement 988, çš–Powder 208, Zhongza 11, Luheng 108, Jinqi tomato, etc. Promote the use of ecological control, the focus is to control temperature, humidity, increase light, prevent high humidity and low temperature. Strengthen water management, watering in the morning, pouring small water during seedling period, pouring through when planting, not pouring before flowering, lightly pouring during flowering, re-casting after the result, immediately draining after watering, try not to cause condensation on the leaf surface Or shorten the condensation time. When planting in open field, the water in the field is removed in time after the rain. Increase the application of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, increase application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, timely topdressing, and carry out foliar spray target, the planting density is not too high, timely pruning and weighting, tying vines, and planting the fruit to moderately remove the lower old leaves. Seed treatment. Soak seeds with warm water at 52 ° C for 15 minutes or soak seeds with 2% Wuyoshimycin aqueous solution, or seed dress with 50% captan WP of 0.4% of seed weight. Can also be used 2.5% sputum eye suspension seed coating agent, 10ml plus water 150 ~ 200ml, can be mixed with 3-5kg after mixing, seeding after coating, can also be soaked with 2% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics 100 times liquid 3 ~5 hours. The disease is prone to infestation, production should be combined with the prevention and control of other diseases, pay attention to the application of protective agents to prevent the invasion of diseases, the following protective agents can be used: 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder 600~800 times liquid; 70% mancozeb WP 600~800 times solution; 75% chlorothalonil WP 600~80 times solution; 12% copper rosinate emulsifiable concentrate 400 times solution; 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution + 75% chlorothalonil WP 500~800 times solution; Spray evenly on the water, depending on the weather and the growth of the tomato, spray once every 7 to 10 days. When planting in protected areas, combined with the prevention of other diseases, 45% chlorothalonil aerosol can be used 250g/mu. Apply the medicine after closing the shed in the evening, put the medicine in the smoke weight of 5~7 discharge points, or spray 5% bactericidal powder 1kg/mu. Use 1 drug at intervals of 7-10 days depending on the condition. When the disease begins in the field, when there are lesions and mildew on some leaves, the therapeutic agent should be sprayed in time for prevention and treatment. After the disease occurs, the field is easy to re-infect, should pay attention to the combination of protective agent and therapeutic agent, the following fungicides or formulas can be used: 25% pyridine oxazole emulsifiable concentrate 800 times solution + 75% chlorothalonil WP 500 times solution; 40% fluorosilicone emulsifiable concentrate 4000 times solution + 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution; 30% fluconazole wettable powder 1500~2000 times each liquid + 50% captan WP 1500 times solution; 40% pyrimethanil wettable powder 800~1000 times liquid + 70% mancozeb wettable powder 700 times liquid; 50% iprodione suspension 1500 times solution. Second, the sulphur coal mold 1, symptoms Mainly harmful to the leaves. In the early stage of the onset of the leaves, yellowish round to irregularly shaped lesions are formed on both sides, and then spread to a near-circular to irregular leaf shape to a pale brown to brown lesion, and the leaf back disease often produces a taupe to dark brown mold layer. In severe cases, the mildew layer can cover the entire blade, and the diseased part often ruptures and perforates. 2, the pathogen Pseudocercospora fulgent is called the genus Pseudomonas spp. 2~7 branches of conidiophores are bundled, light gray-brown. The conidia are in the shape of a bar, the base is large, the ends are small, colorless, and there are multiple diaphragms. 3, the law of occurrence The main mycelium and conidia of the pathogens are overwintered in the soil with the diseased body, and conidia are produced when the plastic age is suitable, which is caused by the wind and rain. The terrain is low, the soil is sticky, the cultivation density is large, the field is closed, the permeability is poor, the long-term sultry heat, the rainy days, the easy accumulation of water after the rain, and the large humidity in the field are serious. 4, prevention and treatment methods Rotating with non-solanth vegetables for more than 3 years. Choose land plots with flat terrain and less water accumulation, rational close planting, strengthen fertilizer and water management, promote plant growth, timely pruning and smashing, remove old leaf disease leaves, timely discharge water from the field after rain; remove field sickness in time after harvest And centralized destruction. In the early stage of the disease, the following fungicides can be used for prevention and treatment: 30% iprodione·cyclohexane zinc emulsifiable concentrate 900~1200 times liquid; 20% propane sulfide multi-emergence suspension 2000 times liquid + 75% Bai Mianqing wettable powder 500 times liquid; 50% benomyl WP 1500 times 1500 times liquid + 75% chlorothalonil WP 800 times solution; 25% more · Fu · zinc wettable powder 1200 ~ 22300 times liquid; 50% methyl sulfide/sulfur suspension agent 800~1000 times liquid + 70% mancozeb wettable powder 700 times liquid; For water spray, it depends on the condition 5 to 7 days. The above is the common tomato disease prevention and control technology and drug use plan compiled by Huinong. The above-mentioned pharmaceutical solutions are for reference only. The specific dosage is determined according to the actual situation. 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