Release date: 2014-06-16 The first game of the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, attracting the attention of billions of viewers around the world, is definitely not just the goal of the Brazilian team and the red card of the opponent. On this day, the laboratory of Duke University in the United States, which specializes in the development of mechanical prosthetics using brain waves, will be a newcomer to brain-computer interface technology and treatment history with European and Brazilian colleagues. milestone. On the legs of the Brazilian World Cup kick-off teenager, they will wrap a set of mech equipment that we call exoskeleton. On the football field, the action signals from the juvenile brain are wirelessly transmitted to a laptop-sized computer device in the backpack, which makes the juvenile take a historic step. The computer will convert the brain electrical signals into digital action instructions that allow the exoskeleton to first stabilize the player's body and then induce the mechanical legs to move back and forth in coordination on a flat lawn. When the player finds that the foot is close to the football, imagine imagining to kick it with the foot. After 300 milliseconds, the brain signal will command the mechanical foot on the exoskeleton to kick the ball and throw it up. The scientific display of this revolutionary technology will send a message to billions of viewers around the world: brain-controlled machines are more than just laboratory demonstrations and technical fantasies, and people with disabilities who are disabled by trauma or illness are likely to get action again. ability. In the next decade, we may develop a technology that connects mechanical, electronic or virtual machines to the brain. This resilience technology not only brings hope to traffic accidents and war victims, but also benefits people with gradual freezing (myoblastic lateral sclerosis), Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders, such as A patient who has an elbow, fist, action, or language barrier. In addition to helping people with disabilities, scientists can do more with Neuroprosthetic devices (also known as brain-computer interaction devices), such as exploring a revolutionary way by enhancing the perception and athletic ability of normal people. world. People may use brain waves to control large and small mechanical devices, remotely control airships, and even share their thoughts and feelings with others to form a network system based on the brain. Machine that will think Gordon Cheng of the Technical University of Munich is dedicated to the design of the light mech suit, and he is also one of the initiators of the Walk Again Project. The project is organized by the Duke University Neuroengineering Center, the Technical University of Munich, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, and the Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience of Natal. Non-profit international cooperation projects jointly initiated by the world's top scientific research institutions. The basis of the “re-walking project†dates back to the 1960s, when scientists first tried to explore the animal brain: if the nerve signal can be sent to a computer, can the computer issue instructions and start the mechanism? Between 1990 and 2010, I and Duke University colleagues created a way to implant hundreds of hairy, delicate sensors, microwires, into the brains of rats and monkeys. Over the past 20 years, we have demonstrated that sensitive microwires can detect weak electrical signals (ie, action potentials) from hundreds of neurons in the frontal and temporal cortex, while the frontal and temporal cortex are positive. It is the main control brain area of ​​autonomous movement. For the past 10 years, researchers have been using animal brain signals to drive robotic arms, hands and legs through animal brain-computer interfaces. In 2011, our lab made a breakthrough: two monkeys learned to use neural signals to control virtual arms in the computer to capture virtual objects, and what surprised us even more was that each monkey’s brain received virtual The tactile signal generated by the arm while grabbing a virtual object. Using computer software, we can train the animal to feel what it looks like with a virtual finger. Now, the “re-walking project†involving many neuroscientists, robotics, computer experts, neurosurgery and rehabilitation doctors has begun to use our research results to establish a new training and rehabilitation method to teach serious patients. How to use the brain-computer interaction device to regain the ability to exercise whole body. In fact, before the kick-off "Iron Man" took the opening ceremony of the 2014 World Cup, scientists first had to experiment in an advanced virtual-reality room, the so-called Cave Automatic Virtual Environment. In this room, the display is installed on the walls, floors and roof. Subjects who participated in the study wore 3D glasses and a hood that can detect brainwaves in the subject in a non-invasive manner through EEG and magnetoencephalography (because it is testing the first generation of technology) The subjects were younger people with lighter weight). Once worn, the subject enters a virtual environment that extends toward the perimeter, learning how to manipulate the virtual body through consciousness. The movements of the virtual body will gradually become more complex, and eventually some fine movements can be done, such as walking on a rough road or opening a can of virtual jelly. Detecting neuronal signals Manipulating the exoskeleton is not as easy as controlling the virtual body, so the techniques involved and the related training will be more complicated. A necessary step is to implant the electrodes directly into the patient's brain to control the mechanical prosthesis. Moreover, when placing the electrodes, it is necessary not only to implant the electrodes into the brain tissue under the skull, but also to simultaneously detect more neurons on the cerebral cortex. The motor cortex (located in the frontal lobe) is the area within the brain responsible for generating motion commands. The instructions it sends are usually transmitted to the spinal cord to control and coordinate muscle activity, so many electrodes are implanted in the motor cortex (some neuroscientists believe that through EEG) Non-invasive means such as graphs to record brain activity can reflect the correspondence between consciousness and muscle, but this idea has not yet been realized. One of our team members, Gary Lehew of Duke University, designed a new sensor: the recording cube. Once we implant it in the brain, we can detect nerve signals in all directions in the cerebral cortex. The recording cube is not like the previous microelectrode array. Only the tip of the electrode can record the neuron signal. It can extend the fine line along the central axis and perceive the upper, lower and surrounding neural signals. Our current record cube has included more than 1 000 valid record lines. Calculated by recording at least 4 to 6 neurons on a thin line, each cube can capture the electrical activity of 4 000 to 6 000 neurons. If we implant multiple cubes in the frontal and parietal cortex areas responsible for advanced exercise and decision making, then we can get signals from tens of thousands of neurons at the same time. According to our theoretical model, these should be sufficient to manipulate the exoskeleton, giving the legs the ability to move, allowing the paralyzed patient to resume spontaneous movement. To process massive amounts of data from sensors, we also need to develop a new generation of neural chips for paralyzed patients. Once these chips are implanted in the patient's brain with the microelectrodes, they can extract the initial motion instructions needed to control the whole body's exoskeleton. Of course, after detecting the brain signal, it needs to be transmitted to the prosthesis. Dr. Tim Hanson of Duke University built a 128-band wireless recorder equipped with sensors and chips that can be implanted into the skull to transmit recorded brain waves to the remote. On the receiver. In the future, the recorded data will be transmitted to the small computing processing unit in the patient's backpack through the wireless device. Multiple digital processors will run various software to translate the motion signals into digital commands for controlling the mechanical jacket. Each active site (ie actuator) - the joint, as well as various hardware devices that adjust the position of the mechanical prosthesis. Instructions from the brain Driven by digital commands, patients wearing exoskeletons will gradually step forward, adjust their speed of travel, and even bend their knees, bend over, and climb stairs. The electromechanical circuit of the exoskeleton can directly adjust the position of the prosthesis without the involvement of neural signals. This kind of mechanical jacket like a spacesuit is not only comfortable to wear, but also supports the wearer's body and acts as a substitute for the spinal cord. By making full use of the interaction between the control commands derived from the brain signals and the electronic feedback of the actuators, the brain-computer interaction device allows the paralyzed patient to run on the court with his own will in the World Cup. The ideal mechanical jacket not only gives the patient the ability to move, but also the ground beneath the foot. By incorporating a microsensor that detects the strength of a particular movement and feeds the signal from the coat back to the brain, the scientist can "copy" the mechanical coat to a sense of touch and balance. In this way, the patient can feel the contact between the toe and the football. Once the player's body interacts with the exoskeleton, the brain will use the mechanical jacket as part of the player's body. During training, the player senses the position of the mechanical leg through continuous contact with the ground and accumulates the sensory experience, so that he can skillfully step on the course or sidewalk. Of course, before this study was applied to the human body, we continued to conduct rigorous experiments on animals. Whether in Brazil, the United States or Europe, this research must be rigorously tested by regulatory agencies to ensure scientific and ethical rationality. For the Brazilian scientific community, even if there are some uncertainties in this achievement, even if the time for the first public appearance is very short, such rare and landmark research results in history can attract scholars. Eyeballs. Source: Global Science
The performance of the Baby Monitor Security Camera
The performance of the baby monitor is reflected by its built-in parameters and function combination. The following shows some properties that a high-quality and applicable baby monitor should have. The requirements for baby monitors in this part apply to all audio/video, digital/analog home baby monitors and wireless baby monitors, and are not changed due to the combination mode of the monitoring end and the control end.
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Low power display: the baby monitor, especially the monitoring terminal, must work continuously for a long time. Once the product is low in power, it cannot remind parents to charge it in time. When the power continues to be consumed until it is exhausted, the control terminal will be unable to continue to receive any signal.
Voice trigger prompt: Voice trigger means that once the monitoring terminal detects the noise caused by the abnormal behavior of infants or children, it will be displayed at the control terminal through the noise prompt lamp.
The transmission signal frequency can be adjusted: the monitoring end of the baby monitor provides audio and video digital signals to the control end by transmitting wireless signals. If the transmission frequency of the monitoring end is not selected properly, it will produce electromagnetic interference with other household appliances, digital equipment, etc., which will affect the normal use of the product. Therefore, it is necessary to select a baby monitor that allows users to adjust the frequency of the transmitted signal at the monitoring end.
Adjustable volume: a friendly baby monitor will provide a volume selection knob or button at the control end. When parents are in an environment with loud background sound, they can hear the activity sound of babies and children by turning up the volume; When it is late at night or in a quiet environment, the low volume will not affect the normal rest of the people around you when you are answering normally.
VOX function: VOX is the abbreviation of sound activation start. The monitor with VOX function is in standby mode under normal conditions, and the screen and horn stop working, thus reducing the energy consumption of the product; Once it is detected that the monitored object has an abnormal sound exceeding the set standard, it will immediately flash its alarm lamp at the control terminal or directly light up the screen, and simultaneously play the audio and video information sent by the monitoring terminal.
Digital signals and analog signals: baby monitors using digital signals, such as Baohushen baby monitors, will have better transmission efficiency and provide users with clearer sound and picture quality; Moreover, digital signals can be encrypted to prevent being intercepted and interpreted by other receivers, effectively protecting users' family privacy; The electromagnetic signal interference of digital signal will be lower than that of analog signal, so as not to affect the normal work of other household appliances and equipment.
Monitoring end extension: The baby monitor with a friendly user experience should allow users to use one control end to manage the activities of several monitoring ends at the same time, especially in some families with multiple children. This good scalability not only reduces the trouble of carrying multiple control ends at the same time, but also reduces the objective additional expenses for these families.
Temperature display: some products will have the function of realizing the current indoor temperature, and even can set a critical value. Once the room temperature exceeds or falls below the critical value, an alarm signal will be sent. This is a very considerate function for temperature sensitive newborn children or sick children.
Intercom function: The high-end baby monitor allows parents to have a direct conversation with the baby (child) at one end of the monitoring end through the control end, so that children who are alone can provide psychological comfort. If children have any temporary needs or words, they can be known without bothering the guardian to run to the child.
Signal range: theoretically, the signal sent by the monitoring terminal can be received by the remote control terminal, which is more convenient for users to use the baby monitor flexibly. Now more and more families live in large family rooms, even multi-storey villas, and the baby monitor with strong signal receiving ability provides these families with a more convenient way of use. Parents no longer need to set the room beside the children in order to see and hear their children's every move. They can even take the control terminal to go out for a short walk!
Power supply mode: The baby monitor with built-in battery can automatically switch to the battery power supply mode when the external AC power supply is suddenly stopped, so that the user will not be affected to continue to monitor the child in the power failure environment.