Fertilizer should be reasonable Before flowering, in the young fruit stage, during the expansion period, the grape spleen can be sprayed in time to match the nutrition, so that the grape fruit pedicle (the position of the fruit handle) becomes thick and strong, and the transport passage is widened, so that the nutrient and water of the fruit tree body can be saturated to supply the flesh. Developmental expansion is needed. Fertilization at flowering stage should be based on phosphate fertilizer, with boron, zinc, iron and other trace elements. When the length of new shoots is appropriate, the leaves should be less or not applied with nitrogen fertilizer. Otherwise, appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied. The coloring period is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. After harvesting the fruit, the appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied to promote the early recovery of fruit trees and avoid premature aging. Grapes are fruit trees with more potassium. Potassium sulfate is better when potassium fertilizer is applied. In practice, it has been confirmed that the application of potassium chloride results in a thick skin, and the aftertaste has a ramie feeling, and potassium chloride should be applied as little or as little as possible. Irrigation must be appropriate Pre-flowering combined with fertilization for proper irrigation is an effective measure to increase the fruit setting rate, but the amount of irrigation should be appropriate and appropriate. Irrigation before flowering will inhibit the increase of soil temperature, affect root activity, and reduce the absorption of fertilizer by roots. Therefore, the soil is not very dry at this time, generally do not carry out irrigation; when the soil is dry, the irrigation amount should not be too large. During this period, the growth and development of the leaves are accelerated, and the demand for trace element iron is more. The irrigation reduces the soil temperature, the absorption of iron is blocked, and the yellowing of the leaves is prone to occur, showing symptoms of iron deficiency. At the same time, too much irrigation, resulting in increased humidity in the field, easy to cause disease. If it is true that the temperature is high, the soil is dry and severe drought requires irrigation, it is best to adopt the method of watering by alternate means, the irrigation amount should not be flooded, to prevent the humidity of the garden from being too high and increase the probability of disease infestation. Deep application and shallow application According to the different fertilizer types, grape fertilization can be applied by deep application or shallow application. Chemical fertilizer has the characteristics of quick decomposition, easy absorption, and also volatile. The growth period is in the range of 0.8 to 1 meter from the grape vine. The ditch is applied and the soil is covered afterwards. In the winter tree body dormancy period, the farmer's fertilizer is combined with the topsoil to mix the fertilizer with the topsoil, change the ditch and apply the farmyard manure, the concentration is large, the decomposition is slow, the roots stretch and hit the wall, sometimes it is easy to cause the root burning defects, and the application can be improved. The deepening traits of the topsoil make the soil fluffy, reduce the knot and improve the drought resistance of the plants. High temperature fertilization must be watered The application of quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the early stage of fruit ripening can not only improve the fruit quality, but also strengthen the tree's disease resistance. However, the climate is usually monotonous, the temperature is high, and the soil is not good. If the water is not timely after fertilization, the soil is insufficient due to soil moisture. The absorbed fertilizer has a large concentration, and it is easy to emerge after the fertilization. The leaf edge is scorched, showing the symptoms of salt damage, impairing the function of the leaves, affecting photosynthesis, and then affecting the fruit quality, and the disease resistance of the leaves is decreased. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website. phone Urine analyzer is an automated instrument for determining certain chemical components in urine. It is an important tool for automated urine inspection in medical laboratories. This instrument has the advantages of simple and fast operation. However, improper use of urine analyzers and many intermediate links and influencing factors directly affect the accuracy of automated analysis results, which will not only cause errors in experimental results, but even delay diagnosis. Therefore, operators are required to understand the principles, performance and precautions of automated instruments. And the knowledge of influencing factors and other aspects are fully understood, and the correct use of automated instruments can make the results obtained by the urine analyzer more reliable and accurate. Medical Urine Analyzer,Semi Automatic Urine Analyzer,Urine Analyzer and Strips,Accurate Urine Analyzer Jilin Sinoscience Technology Co. LTD , https://www.jilinsinoscience.com
application
In the 1950s, a single dry chemical test strip method was used to measure protein and glucose in urine, and the changes in the color of the test strip were observed with the naked eye and compared with the standard plate to obtain the corresponding values. In the 1980s, due to the high development and widespread use of computer technology, automated urine analyzers also developed rapidly, gradually developing from semi-automatic to fully-automated. Urine analyzers are often divided into two categories according to the test items: â‘ 8-11 screening combined urine test strips mainly used for newly diagnosed patients and health examinations. The eight test items included protein, glucose, PH, ketone bodies, bilirubin, urobilinogen, red blood cells (occult blood) and nitrite; in addition to the above eight tests, urine leukocyte test was added to the nine test items. On the basis of 9 of the 10 urine analyzer testing items, the urine specific density test was added. 11 testing items have added vitamin C testing. â‘¡It is mainly used for the observation of the curative effect of the diagnosed diseases, such as the combination test strip of PH, protein and occult blood (red blood cells) for kidney disease; the combination test strip of PH, sugar and ketone body for diabetes; the combination of bilirubin and urobilinogen for liver disease test tape.
principle
This type of instrument is generally controlled by a microcomputer, and the color change on the test strip is measured semi-quantitatively by using a spherical integrator to receive dual-wavelength reflected light. There are several reagent pads containing various reagents on the reagent strip, each of which reacts independently with the corresponding components in the urine, and displays different colors. The depth of the color is proportional to a certain component in the urine, and there is another in the reagent strip" Compensation pad", as the urine background color, compensates for the errors caused by colored urine and instrument changes.
Put the reagent strip with urine adsorbed in the colorimetric tank of the instrument, and the various reagent pads that have produced chemical reactions on the reagent strip are illuminated by the light source, and the reflected light is received by the spherical analyzer, and the photocell of the spherical analyzer is reflected. Irradiate with dual-wavelength light (measurement light passing through the filter and a reference light), and the selection of each wavelength is determined by the detection item.
The instrument automatically calculates the reflectance according to the following formula, and then compares it with the standard curve, and automatically finds and prints the corresponding results of various components. If the content of a certain component in the urine is high, the reflected light of the corresponding reagent pad is dark, otherwise it is strong.
Reflectance fraction: R(%)=Tm.Cs/TsCm×100%
In the formula, R(%) is the reflectivity; Tm is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the measurement wavelength; Ts is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the reference wavelength; Cm is the reflection intensity of the calibration pad to the measurement defect length; Cs is the calibration pair. Reflection intensity at the reference wavelength.