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Scientists from the Bad Nauheim Cardiopulmonary Institute have discovered a new method for early diagnosis of lung cancer that can be used to detect lung cancer by studying RNA molecules associated with cancer tissue growth. During the study, scientists used this method to perform respiratory tests on healthy volunteers and lung cancer patients, and successfully identified 98% of healthy volunteers. Currently, the method is undergoing further optimization to achieve clinical application for the diagnosis of lung cancer.
Most lung cancer patients die within five years of diagnosis. One of the most important reasons is that early lung cancer has no obvious symptoms and is hard to detect. In the United States, high-risk groups of lung cancer, such as heavy-duty people, are routinely screened by CAT scans, but the results are often not very good.
Scientists at the Bad Nauheim Cardiopulmonary Institute and their partners have developed a lung cancer respiration test that is expected to make lung cancer screening more accurate. In the study, the accuracy of this method for the diagnosis of lung cancer is more than 90%, which is a very reliable early screening method for lung cancer.
The researchers found out the difference in RNA in exhaled gases between lung cancer patients and healthy people by analyzing RNA released from lung tissue during respiration. RNA differs from DNA in that it also behaves differently in each cell. Different RNA variants can be from the same DNA fragment. In healthy cells, the presence of these RNA variants has a specific ratio. The scientists found that the number of RNA variants associated with the GATA6 and NKX2 genes in cancer cells was significantly higher than in healthy cells. Using the results of the study, the researchers developed a method for collecting small RNA molecules and overcome the shortcomings of low RNA concentration in exhaled gases and easy degradation of RNA, which led to the successful detection of 90% of cancer patients in this study.
Guillermo Barreto, head of the Bad Nauheim Cardiopulmonary Research Institute, said: "Respiratory testing is easier in the early diagnosis of lung cancer than traditional methods, but it does not completely replace traditional classical diagnostic methods. It can be used to assist traditional methods and increase lung cancer. Diagnostic rate and reduce the false positive rate of diagnosis."
At present, scientists are preparing for further clinical trials to realize the early application of this technology in clinical work to help diagnose lung cancer.