I. Main types of corn diseases The main diseases are: corn rough dwarf disease, large (small) spot disease, head smut, rust, corn stem rot and so on. Second, the main pests and their prevention 1. Rough disease Maize rough dwarf disease is a virus disease caused by the virus transmitted by Laodelphax striatellus. After the onset of disease, the plants are dwarfed, the leaves are dark green, and the internodes are shortened. Basically, they cannot heading, so the incidence rate is almost equal to the loss rate. Many plots Loss of production. (1) Incidence and regularity The corn roughage virus is mainly wintered on wheat and weeds, and it can also be used for wintering in insecticidal insects. When corn emerges, the flyheads on wheat and weeds are transported to the corn to feed and transmit poison, causing corn disease. At the late stage of corn growth, the virus is carried by the planthoppers to late autumn crops such as sorghum and millet, and to grass weeds such as crabgrass, and is transmitted to wheat in the autumn or overwinter directly on the weeds. This constitutes a disease cycle. The occurrence and development of rough dwarf diseases are closely related to the activities of the planthopper in the field. When field wheat matures, the first generation of SBPH is transmitted to corn, so the earlier the sowing, the heavier the disease. (2) Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment of Rough Dysentery The prevention and control strategy should select comprehensive measures that are resistant to disease-resistant varieties and strengthen cultivation and management, and cooperate with the prevention and control of chemicals. 1) Selection of resistant varieties At present, there are no cultivars immunized against rough dwarf diseases, and there are few disease-resistant varieties, and there are more disease-resistant varieties in production. 2) Adjust the sowing time and farming methods Adjust the sowing date, sowing the plants at appropriate time, and avoid the peaks of the transmission of poison by SBPH. Remove the head and weeds from the ground to reduce the source of infection. Heavy onset of early sowing maize should be removed and changed as soon as possible. The lightly affected land should be combined with seedlings to remove diseased seedlings and increase fertilizer and water, so that seedlings grow robustly, enhance disease resistance, and reduce the incidence. 3) Chemical control Imidacloprid has very prominent prevention and control effect on Laodelphax striatellus. Treating seeds with corn seed coating agent containing this agent is an effective measure to control the damage of Laodelphax striatellus at the seedling stage and prevent the spread of rough and shrinking diseases. 5. Commonly used seed coating agents are 5.4% azole corn seed coating agent or other seed coating agent containing imidacloprid. Uncoated corn seed, if wheat is wheat, immediately spray imidacloprid or acetamiprid on corn seedlings after harvesting, including weeds in the fields and fields, and evenly spray pesticides to effectively control the planthoppers and prevent viruses. Re-dissemination. 2. Maize (small) spot disease Maize (small) spot disease is an important leaf disease on corn. In the 1970s and 1980s, with the popularization and application of disease-resistant hybrids, large (small) spot disease was basically controlled. At present, due to the evolution of pathogenic races, and some of the backbone inbred lines promoted in production are more affected than large (small) spot diseases, large (small) spot disease occurs in some areas in varying degrees, especially in the production of fields. Comprehensive Control Measures of Maize Large (Small) Spot Disease Prevention and control strategies to promote the use of disease-resistant varieties of the main, and strengthen the cultivation and management, and timely supplemented with necessary pharmaceutical control. Chemical control: At present, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800 times liquid is commonly used for preventing large (small) spot disease. It is sprayed once every 5 to 7 days for continuous control. 2 to 3 times. 3. Maize smut Corn silk smut, also known as umami and dumb corn, is an important disease that infects seedlings and seriously affects the high yield of corn. Comprehensive prevention measures (1) Planting disease-resistant varieties: The use of disease-resistant varieties is the fundamental measure for preventing and controlling head smut. (2) Seed treatment: Using seed coating technology is one of the important measures to effectively control the disease. Commonly used high-efficiency, low-toxic corn seed coating agents are 5.4% pyro-pentane suspension seed coating agent, and 20.3% virgin levalrite suspension seed coating agent. Seed coating agent contains high-efficiency medicaments for controlling corn head smut. The oxazole alcohol has outstanding control effect on the disease; if the seed is not coated, it can also be treated with tebuconazole, thiram, triadimefon (triadimefon) and other agents, and will also receive better results. . 4. Corn rust Corn rust is a common disease in southern China and southwest China. Occurred rarely in northern China. In general, there are sporadic lesions on the leaves of mature corn only in late years, which does not affect yield. In recent years, due to variety changes and climate and other factors, the northern summer corn rust has a certain degree of epidemic hazards. The diseased corn leaves are dry, premature aging, grain is not full, resulting in a greater reduction in production. Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Corn Rust (1) Selection of species suitable for local resistance and disease resistance. (2) Strengthen cultivation and management, rationally apply fertilizer, prevent partial nitrogen fertilizer, and reasonably increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. (3) Chemical control measures In the early stage of onset, 25% triadimefon WP can be sprayed at 800 times, and 7 days later, the disease can be re-prevented. Tebuconazole, difenoconazole, etc. can all be used. 5. corn stalk rot? Corn stalk rot pathogens are complex in composition and can be infected by various pathogenic bacteria, either composite or alone, and are mainly Pythium and Fusarium. ? Prevention and control measures: Accelerating the breeding of two kinds of pathogenic bacteria; selection of disease-resistant varieties; use of zinc sulfate fertilizer as a seed fertilizer (3 kg per acre) in areas or fields where the disease is heavy; adding potassium fertilizer (chlorine Potassium (8 kg per mu)) improves plant disease resistance and reduces disease incidence. ? 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