From late July to early August, the damage of the second generation larvae of grassland grasshoppers will reach the peak period. It is estimated that the disaster area will reach 5 million mu across the country, mainly in the northwest of China, including 8 in Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and Jilin. Provinces and regions. At the same time, the hazards of Qiuji have also come one after another. According to experts' predictions, the excavation period of Qiugai is mostly from late July to early August. It is estimated that there will be an area of ​​about 40 million mu across the country, and an area of ​​about 14 million mu will need to be controlled. The peak period is mostly in late August. The prevention of grasshoppers and fallworms is the key to guaranteeing the harvest of autumn crops. Therefore, it is imperative for us to start this autumn grain “defending warâ€. This year's autumn plover mainly focuses on the hazards of East Asian migratory locust, Asian migratory locust, Tibetan migratory locust, and Northern turfgrass. In the case where various types of autumn quails threaten the harvest of autumn crops, Zhang Mingke suggests that prevention and control of the fall plover must be carried out in parallel to ensure Autumn grain harvested on schedule.
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Grasshoppers focus on controlling young larvae
Zhang Mingke, an associate researcher at the Northwest A&F University’s College of Horticulture, believes that prevention and control of grasshoppers must be based on the prevention and control of larvae, combined with weed control and ovulation, and focus on the prevention and control of young larvae. However, the principle of prevention and control of old larvae cannot be ignored and agricultural control should be adopted. Chemical prevention and control methods are combined to prevent and control.
Agricultural control of meadow grasshopper adults can be achieved through trapping methods. Zhang Mingke said that at the time of adult emergence, there are many moths. At this time, the moths are trapped by frequency-type insecticidal lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, or black light lamps. At the same time, moth trapping or artificial culling can be performed in the field before the adult spawning period to reduce the number of eggs and larvae in the field. "The grasshopper adults like to lay eggs on the weeds in the fields, so weeding can reduce the density of the grasshopper larvae by about 90%." Zhang Mingke said that according to the adult's spawning habits, the method of cultivating eggs by cultivators and weeds should be adopted. Elimination of grasshopper larvae before hatching or larvae transfer to the host, this can not only play a good effect, but also an economic and effective prevention and control measures. In addition, field management must be strengthened and timely measures such as cultivating and irrigation should be adopted. In pastoral areas, harvesting of forage grasses immediately after a large number of spawning and larval hatching, and treatment of harvested green fodder with insecticides have a significant effect on depressing populations.
Chemical control Chemical control is the most effective method for controlling grasshoppers. It can kill grasshoppers directly. Zhang Mingke said that chemical prevention and control should be based on controlling the generation of larvae in the field. At the same time, attention should also be paid to the prevention and control of future generations of larvae. “The best period of time for spraying (most of the larvae are before the 3rd instar) should be high-efficiency, low-toxicity, fast-pumping pesticides, such as quick-cracking, extermination, crack, etc.†Ming Ke said that according to different terrain conditions, the selection of pesticides eliminate pests on the basis of timely and accurate control, and insisted on playing once every 5 days pesticides, three times in a row, or can be installed in the abrasive powder bag, with a small vibration Falling powder, as long as the powder attached to the body or leaf surface, you can kill the larvae.
Prevention and Treatment of Qiuging
The combination of agricultural prevention and biological control “Prerequisites for the prevention and control of the fall plague are to improve the construction of regional water conservancy facilities and ensure the drought-flood-relief-free.†Zhang Mingke suggested that only by changing the habitat of the autumn crickets can the areas of harm caused by autumn crickets be reduced. Afforestation will change the microclimate in the fall and reduce the number of suitable habitats for breeding eggs. At the same time, it is necessary to improve crop cultivation and cultivation techniques, adjust measures to local conditions, and change the layout of crops so as to reduce disasters and disasters. In addition, in prevailing areas where autumn plagues occur, predatory natural enemies in grazing areas are protected, and locust microsporidia are widely applied.
Chemical prevention should be strictly followed the process of safety. Zhang Mingke said that the use of chemical control to master locusts before the 3rd instar ensures that the locusts do not take off. "A lot of chemical pesticides can be used to control aphids." Zhang Mingke said that at present the main organophosphate pesticides used in the control of aphid malathion, dichlorvos; pyrethroid pesticides, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, etc.; Insect growth regulators, stuck gram, etc., as well as a lot of mixed pesticides, such as fast killing spirit and so on.
When there is no wind on a sunny day, use ultra low volume or low volume spray with 75% malathion per gram of 60 to 70 grams, or use wheat flour or fresh crushed grass, water, 40% omethoate cream Mix well and mix at a ratio of 100:100:0.6, and use 1.5 to 2 kg per acre. At the same time, Zhang Mingke reminded that the use of pesticides should be strictly in accordance with the operating procedures for the use of pesticides, and on the premise of ensuring safety, the crops should not be contaminated.