1. Soybean gray mold Soybean gray spot disease is an infrequent disease, which is caused by the infestation of soybean cercaria fungus. Gray leaf spot mainly damages the soybean leaves, and the lesions begin to appear brown dots, and then gradually expand into round shapes with brown edges, gray or gray brown in the middle, diameters of 1-5 mm, sometimes oval or irregular shapes. When the weather is wet, the surface of the lesion is covered with a gray moldy layer. When the spotting is severe, the leaves are full of spots and merge to make the leaves dry. Control methods: 1. Mu with 50% carbendazim WP 100 g; 2 per mu with 40% carbendazim glue suspension 100 g; 3. Mu with 80% carbendazim ultrafine powder 50 ~ 60 g; 4 Mu with 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 80 ~ 100 grams. 5. Mu with 40% extermination Weiwei suspension 100ml. Spray time should be chosen from 6 to 10 o'clock in the sunny morning and 3 to 7 o'clock in the afternoon.
Second, soybean downy mildew soybean damage seedlings, leaves and grains. When the first true leaf is unfolded, chlorotic plaques appear along both sides of the veins. The surface of adult plants has a round or irregular shape, with unclear yellow-green star spots on the edges, and then turns brown, with a gray-white mold layer on the leaves. The surface of diseased grains adhere to the grayish white mycelium layer, containing a large number of pathogenic oospores. The onset of disease begins in late June and late in each year, and the onset of disease occurs from July to August. Severe onset occurs frequently in rainy years. Control methods: 1. Agricultural control. Select disease-resistant varieties, select seeds, eliminate diseased grains, and implement 2 to 3 years of rotation. 2. Chemical control. Use 40% ethoxyphos aluminum WP, or 25% metalaxyl WP, for seed dressing at 0.5% of seed weight. The onset of the field can be sprayed with 300 mg of alfaphospho-aluminum solution or 800-fold solution of metalaxyl, about 40 kg of liquid used per 667 square meters.
Third, the gray leaf spot of soybean The soybean leaf spot mainly damages the adult leaf, and can also infect the seedlings, stems, pods and seeds. Half-round or round-brown lesions appear on the cotyledons of diseased seedlings. The lesions on the leaves of adult plants were initially greenish round spots and gradually developed into frog eye-like spots with brown edges, central grays, or gray-brown eyes. It is also known as frog eye disease. Late forms of irregular lesions can also be formed. When wet, the central part of the lesion on the back of the leaf is densely coated with gray mold, which is the conidia of the pathogen. In severe cases, the lesions are covered with foliage, the lesions merge, and the leaves dies off. Stem-spotted spindle or elliptic, freckle round or oval, due to hairy, easy to see mold layer. The lesions on the grain are similar to the leaf spot, mostly round frog eyes. Control methods: 1. In the wet and rainy areas of the seedling stage, use 50% thiram or 50% carbendazim to seed, 0.3 kg per 100 kg of seeds; 2. For susceptible cultivars, densely growing soybean fields, at the beginning of the disease Or pods and grains are sprayed during the susceptible period to control the lesions on the grain. The commonly used agents are 40% carbendazim gel suspension or 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 100 grams per acre, 100% 50% thiophanate-methyl, and 80-100 kg watered. According to the development of the disease, the interval of 7 to 10 days, a total of 2 or 3 sprays.
4. Sclerotinia Sclerotinia The S. sclerotiorum disease usually begins at the middle and lower branches of the main stem of the plant. The lesions are water-stained, irregularly shaped, light brown or nearly white, and can spread around and spread around the stem. The above often dead, can also cause the stem to break off, the diseased part of the body produces flocculent white hyphae, which produces black murine urea nucleus, the pith marrow empty, sclerotia occupy its space. The stem cortex is longitudinally torn at a later stage of drying. When the leaves are damaged, they appear as dark blue water stains, rot, and sometimes flocculent mycelium. Control methods: 1. The wards must avoid continuous cropping of soybeans or rotations with sunflowers or rapeseed or neighboring crops. More than one year of rotation with grass crops has a significant effect. 2. The sick field should be deep-turned after harvesting, and soybeans should be cultivated in time before soybeans are sealed. 3. Remove the mixed sclerotia in the seeds. 4. The sclerotium germinates to the formation of the ascitic plate to form a flourishing stage. Spray 50% Sickeyne WP on the soil surface, or use 50% carbendazim WP per 100 g or 30% Sclerotinia WP. However, spraying plants on the surface after the onset of the disease is poor.
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