Sows nutrition and feeding management at all stages

Gilt nutrition and feeding management

Feeding and Management Objectives: Successfully cultivate gilts, regenerate sow herds, and increase the efficiency of breeding sows.

There are problems at present: Feeding by fattening pigs fails to form a body condition, resulting in prolonged or no heat, low mating pregnancy rate, lack of lactation during lactation, poor piglet development, delayed or no heat in sows after weaning, and reproduction. Low power and short service life.

(I) Feeding management of gilts

The cultivation of gilt herds is for the purpose of obtaining breeding groups for healthy body condition. The development of bones and reproductive organs should be emphasized in the husbandry and management to ensure the full play of its excellent reproductive performance and prolong the reproductive life.

1. Select gilts that meet the characteristics and economic requirements of the breed;

(1) Screening from the progeny of high-yielding sows with at least nine cousins ​​and birth weight 1.2-1.5 kg;

(2) The number of nipples that are sufficiently effective. The gilts have at least six pairs of well-developed and well-distributed nipples, at least three of which correspond to the umbilicus. Piglets that have no open or inverted teats are not retained;

(3) Good body shape, sound physical condition, well-proportioned, straight line, and strong and tidy body. The short lived gilts with their hips sharpened or standing are short lived and should not be used;

(4) Physical health, no genetic defect in the same fetus and the same fetus (such as scrofula, anal lock, etc.);

(5) The external genitalia is well developed, and it can be estrus on time for the first time around the age of 180 days;

(6) Good motherhood, strong resistance to stress and stress;

(7) No specific pathogenic diseases, such as atrophic rhinitis, asthma, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome;

2. Out-of-stock gilts are to be purchased in the breeding farms in the pest-free areas. After the pigs are transferred back, they are isolated and kept for 45-60 days. No overfeeding is allowed within 5-7 days. After the pigs are fully adapted to the environment, they are transferred. Normal feeding, and do a good job of immunization and parasite extermination;

3. Small groups feeding, each 3-5 heads (maximum no more than 10 heads), each head occupies area of ​​at least 0.66 square meters, in order to guarantee the normal development of its limbs;

4. The gilt-specific feed must be fed instead of growing and finishing pig feed. 90 kg or 180 days before the implementation of free food, 90 kg or 180 days after the combination of limited feeding and free access to feed, feeding about 2.5 kg on a daily basis, fed 2-3 times, and provide adequate clean drinking water, Let the bones and sexual organs develop fully. The purpose is to achieve a body condition that is not fat or thin (80%);

5. 2 weeks before mating, excellent feed aphrodisiac was applied, and the daily feeding amount was increased to 3.0-3.5 kg. After mating, it was restored to about 2.5 kg per day. This will not only increase ovulation, but also avoid affecting implantation of fertilized eggs;

6. Exercise for at least 30 minutes a day to strengthen your body, promote the development of bones and muscles, and ensure that your legs and feet are strong;

7. According to deworming and immunization procedures, deworming and immunization work;

8. Provide good environmental conditions, keep the bar house clean, dry, cool in winter and cool in summer;

9. After mating, massage the breasts for a period of time, brush the body, establish the feeling of human pigs, make the sows' docile temperament, and good breeding;

10. In order to ensure timely estrus in gilts, stimulation of gilts can be stimulated by hoops, hoops and adult boar stimulation; for gilts approaching or in contact with boars for 3-4 weeks, estrus is still not in place, and strong hooves should be used. Stimulation, such as concentrating 3-5 hard-to-finish sows in a stinky scent, starving for 24 hours, fighting each other, or chasing a boar every day to chase after climbing (spoken) stimulating sows Estrus, if necessary, can be stimulated with Chinese medicine or hormones; if 3 consecutive seasons are not estrus, they are eliminated;

11. Feeding quality green feed or silage for a period of time before and after mating can promote estrus and ovulation. It is generally calculated as air-dried material and can be fed to 20%-25% of its diet composition.

(b) Estrus and breeding

1. The initial conditions for gilts: age 7.5 months or more, weight more than 100 kilograms, backfat thickness (P2) 18-20 mm, second or third love period;

2. Observe the estrus carefully, match them at the right time, and don't miss out. The effective time for breeding is between 12-36 hours after the start of oestrus. The first breeding should be completed 12-16 hours after the static estrus is detected, and the second breeding after 12 hours. Normally, when sows are standing on the back, they will be bred once in the afternoon of the same day and once in the morning; if the sow has a standing reaction in the afternoon, they will be bred once in the morning and the next day will be given once in the afternoon. . If the estrus performance is not observed after the two stages of sow mating, the sow can be preliminarily determined to be conceived.

3. Strictly in accordance with the breeding plan to carry out mating, to prevent random distribution, immediately record clear after mating;

4. The conditions can be artificial insemination, can reduce the cost of feeding, improve the level of breeding, and improve reproductive performance.

(3) Nutrition of gilts

1. The daily digestive energy intake of gilts is not less than 35 MJ (or 8361 kcal), and the daily requirement of lysine is 19-21 g. Secondly, the needs of calcium, available phosphorus, and vitamins are fully met. The system and reproductive system are fully developed to prevent limb and foot disease and reproductive failure. Dietary nutrient levels are generally: crude protein 15%-16%, digestive energy 3050-3150 kcal/kg, lysine 0.70%-0.85%, calcium 0.80%-0.90%, total phosphorus 0.6%-0.7%.

2. When considering the need for nutrition, gilts should be given a certain amount of body fat reserves, thereby increasing fertility and extending reproductive life.

Nutrition and feeding management of pregnant sows

Feeding and Management Objectives: To increase the number of ovulation, ensure the success of pregnancy, ensure that the sow has a large number of output, strong vitality, individual large piglets, postpartum sows can successfully lactate. The key measure is to limit the amount of feed intake so that the sow can reach the standard body condition.

There is currently a problem: too much or too thin, resulting in insufficient postpartum lactation in sows, low birth weight of piglets, poor growth, frequent diarrhea, low survival rate of piglets during lactation, low weaning weight, and low estrus rate after weaning, affecting the next Tire mating and pregnancy, raising the cost of feeding.

(I) Feeding management of pregnant sows

1. After group breeding, group feeds will be changed to individual rearing as soon as possible (pre-pregnancy can be fed with 3-5 small groups and reared in single-column rearing), and keep at a moderate temperature to keep the uterus implanted with more fertilization. egg. Sows in this period should be stimulated by stress as little as possible, especially to avoid heat stress. They should not be whipped, chased and rudely treated with sows, and should not be booed loudly. They should not be fed with a mild, frozen feed to prevent stillbirths. abortion;

2. After 18-9 days and 39-45 days after mating, do a good job in pregnancy diagnosis and timely detect the sows that have relapse or not.

3. Adjust the defecation to fix the defecation; keep the house dry and hygienic; keep the heatstroke in summer and keep it warm in winter; keep the temperature at about 20°C; strictly prohibit high temperature, humidity, icing, slippage and prevent miscarriage;

4. After one month of pregnancy, the sow should be fully exercised, and the amount of exercise should be reduced during the later period of pregnancy. Before exercise, stop exercise, prevent constipation, and exert weight on calving.

5. The diseased pigs were found to be treated in time and disinfected in a whole group. It is forbidden to use drugs that may cause miscarriage (such as dexamethasone, etc.); to prevent high fever and cause miscarriage;

6. The sows were transferred to the delivery room to adapt to the environment 7-10 days before delivery. At the same time, attention was paid to the brushing of the breasts, legs and the vulva to keep the pens and pigs clean and sanitary.

(b) Nutrition of pregnant sows

1. During the first trimester of pregnancy (within 4 weeks after mating), the embryo needs little extra nutrition. If the sow feed intake is large, it will increase the embryo death. Therefore, the intake should be restricted during this period. The daily feeding amount is generally 1.5- At 2.0 kg, weaned sows with particularly poor body condition can feed more feed. The nutritional level of diets is: digestive energy 2900-3000 kcal/kg, crude protein 14%-15%;

2. During the second trimester of pregnancy (4 weeks after breeding to 4 weeks before delivery), this stage limits the amount of feed based on the sow's body condition and feeds 1.8-2.2 kilograms per day to maintain the sow's palpitate at 3.5-4.0, and the diet should be appropriate. Raise the level of crude fiber, increase satiety and prevent constipation. To prevent excessive intake of diet, resulting in obesity of sows. The nutritional level of diets is: digestive energy 2900-3000 kcal/kg, crude protein 14%-15%;

3. In the second trimester (4 weeks before childbirth until farrowing), 60% to 70% of the piglet's primary weight is rapidly growing at this stage. Therefore, the 4th week of gestation sow should strengthen nutrition and promote the rapid growth of the fetus, and Make some reserve for milk production. Feeding of lactating sows is generally started at this stage, and the daily feeding amount is 2.5-3.0 kg, but it is gradually reduced 5-7 days before delivery, especially for obese sows 7 days before delivery. To reduce the material until the day of birth is stopped feeding. The level of dietary nutrition is: digestive energy 3100-3200 kcal/kg, crude protein 16% -17%; lysine above 0.8%;

High-quality green and silage is particularly suitable for feeding pregnant sows. It is not only beneficial to maintain a strong appetite, promote digestion and absorption and excretion of feces, but also helps to increase the number of litters and reduce the cost of feed production. Therefore, a conditional farm can be suitable every day. Feed green feed.

Feeding management of nursing sows

Feeding and management objectives: To ensure that sows have more lactation at this stage, less body loss, rearing a large number of healthy, heavy piglets, 80% of the sows after weaning can estrus mating and pregnancy within 7 days.

There is currently a problem: during sow feeding, sows have low feed intake, lack of milk production, severe body loss, and no estrus after weaning, and the weight of weaned piglets is generally low.

(I) Feeding management of lactating sows

1. 7 days before delivery, the sows enter the delivery room to keep the delivery room dry, clean and hygienically, and gradually reduce the amount of feeding, and less or less material is available for those with poor palates;

2. Prenatal cleaning of the sows' udder and genitals, then scrubbing with a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution; postpartum injection of blue and streptomycin to prevent perinatal diseases; in the hot season, giving the sow muscle one week before delivery Note liver oil - antibiotic mixture to prevent hyperthermia syndrome;

3. During the delivery process, sows must have special care to take care of the environment, keep the environment quiet, clean, dry, warm in winter and cool in summer, and prevent the high temperature in the delivery room. If there is dystocia, it is usually injected intramuscularly with oxytocin. The dosage is 10 each time. -20 units, if no output is produced after 30 minutes, artificial midwifery is required; sows are preferably given uterine cleansing and injections of prostaglandins (post-injection intramuscular injection of PGF2α 2 ml at 36-48 hours). Helps lochia expulsion and uterine reposition, but also helps the sow to estrus after weaning;

4. Sows do not feed on the day of their litter and only feed bran salt water or bran electrolyte water. The amount of feed is gradually increased within 1 week. When the amount of feed is normal, the amount of feed intake of sows should be increased to the maximum; The principle of diligent addition should prohibit the feeding of mildew feeds. In the lactation period, sufficient clean drinking water should be provided to prevent sows from constipation and affect the feed intake.

5. To check the sows' udder in time, the sows who develop mastitis should take timely measures to treat them;

6. Reduce sows by 2 to 3 days before weaning, reduce or reduce the amount of drinking water on the day of weaning, and reduce wrinkles in the breasts 2-3 days after weaning to increase the amount of feed and start aphrodisiac feeding. This prevents mastitis in sows after weaning.

(B) Nursing Sow Nutrition

1. The core of nursing sow nutrition is to make every effort to increase the feed intake of lactating sows, and the daily feed intake can be estimated by the following formula:

Daily feed intake for lactating sows = 2 kg of feed per day + 0.4-0.5 kg of feed per piglet.

If the sow can feed near the calculation formula, the body loss will be less, otherwise it will use a large amount of body reserves and seriously affect its milk production and subsequent reproductive performance, so that weaning to estrus interval, conception rate and Reduced embryo survival rate;

2. The dietary formulation of lactating sows should be divided into primiparous sow diets and sow diets. The dietary nutritional standards for the first lactating sows are: crude protein 16%-17%, digestive energy 3300 kcal/ Kg, lysine more than 0.9%, calcium 0.85% -0.90%, total phosphorus more than 0.6%; dietary lactating sows dietary nutrition standards: crude protein more than 16%, digestive energy 3200-3300 kcal / kg, Lysine more than 0.85%, calcium 0.85% -0.90%, total phosphorus more than 0.6%;

3. If the piglet is breast-fed, the sow may have postpartum lactation disorder and can be treated with medication.

Empty sows' nutrition and feeding management

Feeding and Management Objectives: The sow can be estrus and bred in 5-7 days after weaning.

There is currently a problem: there are more sows that are not estrus or abnormally estrus after weaning, the breeding rate is low, and the sow's utilization rate is low.

(I) Feeding management of empty sows

1. Feeding a small group of weaned sows (usually 3-5 heads per round) is beneficial to the estrus and breeding of sows, especially for the first time sows, which have better results;

2. After 2-3 days of weaning, short-term excellent feeding, feeding 3-4 kilograms a day, is beneficial for sows to restore body condition and promote estrus and ovulation of sows. For primiparous sows, intramuscular injection after weaning is also required. Horse serum gonadotropin (PMSG) 1000-1500 units for drug aphrodisiac, to resolve the delayed estrus after the first birth and the second birth to a small amount;

3. Observe the estrus observation and estrus identification of the sow and do a good job of mating at the right time;

4. After weaning, more attention should be paid to sows with erosive, abnormal estrus, and recurrent estrus. Boar sedation, stress estrus stimulation, and drug aphrodisiac (1) can be used for estrus-free sows. Serum gonadotropin (PMSG) 1000-1500IU, estrus combined with intramuscular injection of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) 500-1000IU; (2) Ethenoestradiol is injected into the non-estrus sow at a dose of 2ml per head, and The method of injection of ovulation ovulation 3 (LRH-A3) prior to mating encourages estrus, ovulation, and conception of the sow. If these measures do not enable estrus mating, they should be eliminated as soon as possible. (b) Nulling sows' nutrition

Empty sows should be fed high-nutrition diets, and they are usually fed lactating sow diets.

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