Chestnut is one of the nuts, and it is widely planted in the south. The planting area is large. The common breeding method is seedling. However, due to the poor quality of the majority of chestnut varieties, people later cultivated by grafting. Below is the detailed chestnut. Grafting cultivation methods, you can refer to. 1 Cultivation of rootstocks 1.1 Chestnut selection Select full-mature, full-bodied, disease-free, no bruises, 300-400 capsules/kg of wild chestnut seeds as seed chestnuts. 1.2 Chestnut sand treatment Soak the seeds with 2% to 3% salt water and 1500 times liquid omethoate for 30 min before sand storage, remove the empty particles and kill the weevil; choose the dry place when sanding, and dig 30 cm wide and 1 m deep The length of the trench is determined by the amount of seed. The bottom sand is 10 cm, one layer of sand is mixed or mixed according to seed: sand = 1:2, and the top cover is 15 cm wet sand is flat with the ground. Pile antifreeze. After the spring, see a few chestnut seed cracking buds, you can take out the seeding. 1.3 圃 æ•´ç† finishing Choose sand loam or loam, which is flat, soil loose, close to water source and high in fertility, and carry out deep ploughing and roughing before the soil freezing in winter. After thawing in spring, open the drainage ditch and make a seedbed. 1.4 Sowing and management The spring sowing period is generally between the "spring equinox" and the "Qingming". After the seeds of the sand are germinated with warm water, a 15 cm deep ditch is opened on the prepared depression, and the row spacing is 30 cm. The seeds were evenly placed in the seeding ditch at a distance of 15 cm, covering 3 to 5 cm. After the seedlings are out, the weeding and weeding are carried out three or four times, and the urea is applied to promote the thickening of the seedlings for grafting. 2 grafting technology 2.1 Grafting time Between September and October of that year, that is, before and after the autumnal equinox to the cold dew, it is best to graft on sunny or cloudy days. 2.2 Choosing the ear Choose the chestnuts of the fine variety of the mother tree with full buds and grafts. Be careful not to tear off the leaves directly by hand, otherwise it will affect the survival. Tips that are not lignified at the top should be discarded. Each scion should have 2 buds and internodes, about 8 cm long. 2.3 Cutting the ear Cut 2 buds, cut the 3cm long long noodles at the lower end of the scion, and cut the depth into the xylem. Cut off the base at a slope of 45° from the base at 0.5cm, and then cut the surface at a distance of 2cm from the base. The scion shape is like “ Chiseled." 2.4 Cutting rootstock At a distance of about 13 cm from the ground, the smooth-faced lower knife is selected, and the xylem is cut down to a 3.5 cm incision, which is 0.5 cm longer than the long-cut surface of the scion, so that the two meet when they meet. 2.5 Plugging First insert the rootstock interface with the long cutting surface of the scion. Note that one side must be aligned with the forming layer, and then the phloem part of the rootstock incision is wrapped on the short surface of the scion to make it close together. 2.6 binding Use a 2 cm wide film strip to tie the graft interface, and use a 15 cm square film to roll the cover to cover the scion and the graft interface and bind it from top to bottom, which is both heat and moisturized for healing. 3 Afforestation management after grafting 3.1 Planting In the spring of the next year, choose a sunny slope or a semi-sunny slope. According to the row spacing of 4m×5m or 4m×4m, dig a 50cm×50cm×50cm planting hole, backfill the bottom with fertile topsoil, apply enough farmyard manure, and mix well. After seedlings are planted, use a small amount of soil to compact and then lift the seedlings slightly to stretch the seedlings. Then cover the soil and compact it. Water the film and cover the soil without exceeding the grafting height to avoid water accumulation. 3.2 broken anvil One week after the seedlings were planted, the rootstocks at the upper end of the grafting interface were cut to facilitate the accumulation of nutrients for the growth of the ear buds. 3.3 Breaking cover When the bud buds sprout (through the membrane cover, the buds are white), the buds need to be shattered to make the buds grow upright. Otherwise, the buds are covered and they will curl until they die. 3.4 smear The wild red chestnut has strong regenerative ability. Because the upper part has been cut off, the lower nutrient water accumulates more, and the base absorbs a large number of adventitious buds to consume nutrients. Therefore, these adventitious buds or twigs should be wiped out in time, leaving only the chestnut to pick up the buds. 3.5 Untied When the chestnut buds grow to more than 50 cm in the late lunar calendar from mid-April to mid-May, they need to be untied in time. When untied, the straps should be cleaned and not left. Otherwise, it is easy to embed the stems to form tumors and suffer from diseases. Insect attack or windbreak [Jishan Huayao]. 3.6 Wind protection measures Due to the hypertrophy of the new shoots, the grafting interface is not firmly healed and is easily blown off by the summer wind. It needs to be tightly inserted with a wooden stick to protect it from wind. 3.7 Timely topping When the new shoot grows to 70-80 cm, it will be topped to promote branch growth. When the branch grows to about 40 cm, it will be topped again and gradually produce a high-yielding tree shape. 3.8 Water and fertilizer management Before the young forest is closed, it can be used as crops such as peanuts and soybeans to improve the ecological conditions of chestnut forest. When combined with weeding and weeding, it can be used for topdressing, irrigation, pest control, and promote the healthy growth of chestnut saplings. According to Xiaobian, most of the chestnuts in southern China belong to that kind of small variety, and their taste and selling are not good, and the grafting and breeding methods can improve the quality and yield of chestnut. You can try it. Autoclave Sterilizer Products,Washer Disinfector,Autoclave Sterilizer,Atomizing Disinfection Robot Guangdong Widinlsa International Co.Ltd , https://www.gdwidinlsa.com
