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1 Characteristics
1.1 Biological characteristics Paulownia trees in East China are more than 12 meters high and deciduous trees. Leaf length 14~28cm, width 20~27cm, petiole length about 10cm, single leaves alternate, leaves thin, oval, often 3 to 5 lobed, thin serrated, hairy shoots; buds about 5mm long, near spindle Shaped or spherical, densely tomentose. The corolla is about 4cm long, thick and short, and there are viscid glandular hairs outside; cymules without stalks, causes of poplar locusts and countermeasures calyx strong cracking and reflexion in fruit, corolla length 3.5 ~ 5.0cm; fruit in Smaller in the same genus, with thinner skin; flowering in Qimen County is generally from early April to mid-May, and fruiting period is from late September to mid-October.
1.2 Ecological characteristics Paulownia in East China is mainly produced in the south of the Yangtze River, west to Sichuan and Yunnan Province. In Qimen County, which is often grown on hillsides and shrubs at an elevation of 450~800m, it grows best in sandy loam where the soil is rich and fertile, moist and loose, and has a long duration of light. The wood texture is straight, the structure is coarse, fire resistance and corrosion resistance are strong, heat insulation and sound insulation are also good, easy to process, and the anthers and bark can be used medicinally.
2 nursery technology
2.1 Seed production in Qimen County is best between the middle and the middle of October. Choose trees that are more than 15 years old, well-balanced and well-growth trees for collecting seedlings, collect 11.7kg of pods, net 1.13kg after cleaning, and reduce the moisture content of the seeds to 6%-8%. Cold room. The weight of seeds is about 4g, there are 112,000 to 114,000 seeds per 500g seeds, the seed germination rate is 22% to 24%, and the germination rate is about 11%.
2.2 Selection and treatment of nursery lands East China paulownia nursery should first select convenient and low-elevation plots, requiring higher sunshine intensity, better drainage and irrigation, and yellow-brown soil. The nursery ground was deep-turned at the beginning of March, and 750 kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer was used as the base fertilizer. Simultaneously, a small amount of phoxim and codaksone were used to kill underground pests. After the “3 plows and 3 plowsâ€, the soil is finely crushed, and the fertilizer and medicine in the nursery are evenly mixed with the soil. It is a north-south, wide 100-120 cm wide, 30 cm-high seedbed, with a 30-cm-wide walkway, and a deep ditch in the middle ditch and surrounding area. ~50cm, so that irrigation and irrigation in time, slightly higher in the middle of the bed. 1d before sowing, with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution on the bed for a sterilization, we must pay attention to all the sprayed bed in place, when the operation from the front to the back of the spray, and even after the detailed sowing.
2.3 Seed treatment and sowing
On March 2nd, remove the seeds from the cold room, place them in the room at room temperature for about 2 days, and sow the seeds. Disinfect the seeds 15 hours before sowing. Use 2% potassium permanganate to soak seeds for 2 hours. After draining the seeds, remove the water from the epidermis. Germination of seeds can be carried out by soaking in warm water at 30°C for 12 hours. During soaking, the water should be changed every 2 hours. Each time the water is higher than 15 cm above the seed, it can be sown after soaking.
Sowing is used for sowing. Dispose of the disinfected seeds evenly on the treated bed, then cover them with a thin layer of burnt ash. The thickness is preferably less or less common. Cover a layer of straw 5cm thick and secure it to the bed with a rope. In order to prevent the growth of weeds in seedbeds and soil compaction, it can also keep warm moisture. After the seeds are sown, if the seedbed is too dry, it is necessary to flood the water for 1 time to ensure the germination potential of the seeds. The sowing amount was about 9 kg/hm2, and sprouted after about 42 days.
2.4 Seedling Management East China Paulownia grows faster at the seedling stage of Qimen County. If the grass is not uncovered in time, the newly emerged seedlings will be bent when they are covered with grass. Therefore, once the seeds have been unearthed, they shall be removed on cloudy or sunny evenings. When the grass is uncovered, the movement shall be slow and gentle so as to prevent the emergence of newly sprouted seedlings. Immediately after uncovering the grass, the carbendazim solution must be sprayed. Once, prevent the occurrence of diseases.
In the early stage of growth of Paulownia seedlings in East China, that is, before the emergence of 4 true leaves of seedlings, seedlings are very young. If they are not well managed, the seedlings will die and cause seedling failure. At this point we should pay attention to the dry humidity of the seedbed, the seedbed is too dry or too wet, and the seedlings are susceptible to disease. Seedlings are not fertilized or fertilized at an early stage of growth. If the seedlings are slightly yellow, less diluted manure can be applied. It is better not to apply inorganic fertilizer to prevent the seedlings from being damaged due to tenderness. In the early stage of growth of Paulownia in East China, there were few weeds in the seedbed. At this time, we had to see the grass and go to bed. Usually, we had to repair the drainage ditch in the sunny days and keep the drainage unobstructed at any time. [4]. After the heavy rain, the trees hanged bottles to prevent diseases. Insect technology should immediately check the seedbed, and part of the seedlings washed out by the rain will expose the roots. At this time, it must be covered with fine soil to prevent sunburn and cause seedling death.
In the middle and late stages of the growth of Paulownia seedlings in East China, it is an important period for the high growth of seedlings. The fertilization, thinning, weeding, and irrigation and drainage of seedlings must be done. Seedlings can be applied once every 20 days or so, each time the application of liquid fertilizer 15.0 ~ 22.5kg/hm2, stop the fertilization in early August to promote seedling lignification, to prevent seedlings young disease; Miao two times, the first time In mid-May, keep about 10 strains/m2, the second time in early June, keep 3~4 strains/m2, and ensure that the seedlings of annual seedlings are between 15,000 and 22,500 plants/hm2. The principle is to ensure the quality of nursery stocks. The principle is to stay strong and weak, to retain good and bad, to stay small and stay thin and dense, etc.; the growth of seedlings is accelerated, and weeds are also very easy to grow. Weeding must adhere to early, except small and In addition to the principle; under continuous drought or heavy rain weather, it is also necessary to timely irrigation or drainage, to ensure the growth of seedlings from drought or rain. By the end of the year, the seedling height of Paulownia seedlings in East China could reach 120cm and the ground diameter was more than 2.5cm.
2.5 Breeding seedlings of East China When cultivating large green seedlings or timber forests of East China Paulownia seedlings, low-altitude, sunny, fertile soil, and water-free mountainous fields should be selected, with a spacing of 4m4m4m (woodrows can be used to increase the row spacing), digging 30cm30cm40cm The planting hole must be properly pruned before planting, and it should be righted, tightened, and watered when planted. After the seedlings have survived, in order to promote the crowns of the seedlings to be complete and dry, the branches are distributed evenly, and the seedlings should be pruned, and some of the legged branches, dense branches and thin branches can be properly cut. During the cultivation period, seedlings should be rushed, watered and fertilized frequently to promote the rapid growth of seedlings.
The advantages of Paulownia in East China and how to raise seedlings
Paulownia Kawakamii Ito is also known as Paulownia paulownia and Paulownia formosanus. It is a plant belonging to Paulownia in the family Scrophulariaceae. It has the characteristics of rapid growth and wide application of wood. The paulownia has a well-developed root system, large and well-proportioned crowns, and colorful flowers. The leaves are free from pests, and have strong germination and rapid growth. Larger leaves are resistant to toxic gases, and they also have the ability to trap dust and mufflers. They have a huge ecological role and are a versatile, fine tree species.