Can humans create life? Can the privilege of "God" be handed over to human beings? Selecting the eukaryotic model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 1/3 homologous genes in humans as a breakthrough, and transforming its natural 16 chromosomes into one large chromosome, this whimsical structural design and engineering in the field of synthetic biology Implementation, finally the dream comes true! Milestone breakthrough in the field of synthetic biology The research team of the Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of the Institute of Plant and Plant Ecology, Institute of Plant and Plant Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and its collaborators, for the first time in the world, artificially created a single chromosome of eukaryotic cells. The result was published in Nature on August 2nd, a milestone breakthrough in the field of synthetic biology, opening the door to “reforming†life. Can you break the boundaries of nature? Is it possible to create a single-chromosome organism with normal function? This bold assumption has attracted scientists to search for it. In 2010, the American team of scientists J. Craig Venter reported on the world the first "artificial life" in the "science" - a prokaryotic mycoplasma containing almost all of the artificially chemically synthesized natural chromosomal sequences, causing a sensation. This time, the research team led by the 覃é‡å†› research group completed the creation of 16 natural chromosomes of the single-cell eukaryotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a single chromosome with complete function. This work shows that natural and complex life systems can be reduced by human intervention, and the boundaries of natural life can be artificially broken, and even artificially create new life that does not exist in nature. In biology textbooks, living organisms that exist in nature are divided into eukaryotes with nuclear membrane-wrapped chromosomal nuclei and prokaryotic organisms surrounded by naked nuclear membranes. Chromosomes carry genetic information about the growth and reproduction of living organisms. Eukaryotes usually contain multiple chromosomes in a linear structure, while prokaryotes usually contain a chromosome of a circular structure. In this study, Yan Zhongjun hypothesized that eukaryotes can also load all genetic material with a linear chromosome like a prokaryote and complete normal cellular functions, and customize the artificial single-chromosome yeast with the associate engineer Xue Xiaoli “engineering precision designâ€. Guiding principles and rational analysis, experimental design, and engineering advancement of the overall program. Ph.D. student Shao Yangyang has tried and developed an efficient chromosome manipulation method since 2013. After 14 years of chromosome fusion, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain SY14 with only one linear chromosome was successfully created. Since then, Yan Zhongjun's research team has further cooperated with the research team of the National Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Zhao Guoping, the researcher of the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhou Jinqiu Research Group, Wuhan Feisha Gene Information Co., Ltd. and the researcher of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Zhao Zhihu. In-depth identification of the metabolic, physiological and reproductive functions of SY14 and the three-dimensional structure of its chromosomes. The research team leader, Zhong Zhongjun, introduced the 16 natural chromosomes into one. You can see that the chromosome structure has changed greatly, but the cell growth is exactly the same, the function is almost the same, but only through meiosis. Breeding offspring is slightly reduced, and this situation will be further studied later. From the perspective of basic research, a simple life body has been created. The papers are all completed independently by Chinese scientists. This study found that subverting the traditional concept of chromosome three-dimensional structure to determine the spatiotemporal expression of genes reveals a new relationship between the three-dimensional structure of chromosomes and the realization of cell life function. The research results are based on the "hypothesis-driven" of classical molecular biology and the "engineering research model" of synthetic biology to explore new examples of major fundamental scientific issues in the origin and evolution of life. The natural complex yeast chromosome is expressed in a new and simplified form through artificial transformation, which is a major breakthrough after the “artificial life†of prokaryotic bacteria. The "birth" of single-chromosome yeast, together with the full-synthesis of yeast chromosomes involved in Chinese scientists, is that after the synthetic synthesis of bovine insulin and tRNA in the 1960s, Chinese scholars once again used synthetic science strategies to answer a question in the field of life sciences. A major underlying issue. Biological evolution ranges from simple to complex, and humans, animals, plants, fungi, and yeast are all eukaryotes. Among them, humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, mice have 20 pairs of chromosomes, and rice has 12 pairs of chromosomes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the most thorough eukaryotic cells in scientific research. It is an important model for studying chromosomal abnormalities. One-third of the genes are homologous to human genes with 23 pairs of chromosomes. Telomeres are protective structures at the ends of linear chromosomes. As the number of cell divisions increases, the length of the telomeres gradually decreases, and when the telomeres become shorter, the cells die. Premature aging in humans is directly related to the telomere length of the chromosome. In addition, shortening of telomeres is also associated with many diseases such as genetic mutations and tumor formation. Compared with the 32 telomeres of natural yeast, the single linear chromosome created by the research team of Qiu Junjun has only two telomeres, which provides a good model for studying human telomere function and cell senescence. In addition, the research results will be applied to the industrial production of “super nutrition†Saccharomyces cerevisiae in manufacturing plants. Paul Evans, Director of Natural Science China, commented that this "Nature" paper was independently completed by Chinese scientists, showing China's efforts and achievements in establishing a sustainable scientific research ecosystem. This is also to explore the origin of life. A new direction has been opened up with the fundamental science of evolution. The research was funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences' strategic pilot science and technology project "Molecular mechanism and regulation of cell fate plasticity", as well as the National Natural Science Foundation and the Ministry of Science and Technology. (Wang Chun) Source: Technology Daily X Ray Shaped Lead Thyroid Collar,0.35Mmpb X-Ray Protective Collar,Adjustable Lead X-Ray Collar,Large Shaped X-Ray Lead Collar Longkou Kangxie Medical Instrument Co., Ltd , https://www.kangxiemedical.com
The first artificial single-chromosome creature was born. My scientist opened the door to "renovation" of life.
:2018-08-03