Researchers at the Albert Einstein School of Medicine at Yeshiva University have discovered a new mechanism in the immune system to fight infections. The study opens up the current understanding of immunity and may lead to the development of new strategies to promote the effectiveness of vaccines against infection. The relevant research results were published in the Immunity Journal on August 30th.
Grégoire Lauvau, PH. D indicates that the immune system uses memory CD8+ T cells to protect the body from microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses. If someone is infected with a microorganism, memory CD8+ T cells recognize the invader and quickly form a cluster of cytotoxic T cells that can hunt down and destroy microorganisms and viruses. This high degree of specific immune response formation is the basis of most vaccines, but it may take several weeks for the vaccine to respond to infection by the immune system.
The new study shows that the immune system has another, faster method to deal with infections, and understanding that this mechanism can be used to develop vaccines that can work quickly. Dr. Grégoire Lauvau, Associate Professor of Research, Microbiology and Immunology, said: Our research shows that, as far as memory CD8+ T cells are before encountering antigens, specific memory-specific CD8+ T cells are activated.
Dr. Lauvau and his colleagues found that this rapid immune response is generated by a type of leukocyte called inflammatory monocyte. After the immune system detects the infection, it recruits monocytes to accumulate in the infected tissue where they are immunized. Cytokines release inflammatory signals that activate memory CD8+ T cells to kill pathogens but also activate natural killer cells in the human body. The result is a protective immune environment that can withstand any form of micro-organism, including viruses, bacteria, or parasites. However, only when memory CD8+ T cells receive a signal from a microbial antigen does the immune system attack the microorganism.
Dr. Lauvau said: We are not saying that the antigen is not important for the immune response. You only need the antigen at the later stage of the immune response to cause the proliferation of memory CD8+ T cells, so as to obtain sufficient pathogen-specific protection. The main authors of the paper are Dr. Saïdi M'Homa Soudja, Anne Ruiz, Dr. Julien Marie and others. The study was mainly funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI095835), the National Institutes of Health, and Einstein.
Grégoire Lauvau, PH. D indicates that the immune system uses memory CD8+ T cells to protect the body from microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses. If someone is infected with a microorganism, memory CD8+ T cells recognize the invader and quickly form a cluster of cytotoxic T cells that can hunt down and destroy microorganisms and viruses. This high degree of specific immune response formation is the basis of most vaccines, but it may take several weeks for the vaccine to respond to infection by the immune system.
The new study shows that the immune system has another, faster method to deal with infections, and understanding that this mechanism can be used to develop vaccines that can work quickly. Dr. Grégoire Lauvau, Associate Professor of Research, Microbiology and Immunology, said: Our research shows that, as far as memory CD8+ T cells are before encountering antigens, specific memory-specific CD8+ T cells are activated.
Dr. Lauvau and his colleagues found that this rapid immune response is generated by a type of leukocyte called inflammatory monocyte. After the immune system detects the infection, it recruits monocytes to accumulate in the infected tissue where they are immunized. Cytokines release inflammatory signals that activate memory CD8+ T cells to kill pathogens but also activate natural killer cells in the human body. The result is a protective immune environment that can withstand any form of micro-organism, including viruses, bacteria, or parasites. However, only when memory CD8+ T cells receive a signal from a microbial antigen does the immune system attack the microorganism.
Dr. Lauvau said: We are not saying that the antigen is not important for the immune response. You only need the antigen at the later stage of the immune response to cause the proliferation of memory CD8+ T cells, so as to obtain sufficient pathogen-specific protection. The main authors of the paper are Dr. Saïdi M'Homa Soudja, Anne Ruiz, Dr. Julien Marie and others. The study was mainly funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI095835), the National Institutes of Health, and Einstein.
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