Recently, "Cell" published an online article that published the results of the Cancer Gene Map (TCGA) section. This is by far the largest study, using a multi-platform approach to observe the molecular and genetic characteristics of 3,500 tumor samples from 12 different cancer types. This is important. Most of the previous molecular studies focused on one technique, which defined pathology as a type of "tissue/organ" lesion. This new approach uses a combination of six different platforms to study integrated genomics—mostly genomics such as DNA and RNA sequencing, combined with protein expression profiling. Extensive bioinformatics analysis was then performed on all platforms to identify similar subgroups (groups) to identify different molecular cancer subtypes (different pathways). A total of 11 cancer types were identified, providing independent and clinically relevant prognostic information on tumor stage and major tissue origin. According to the study, one in ten cancer patients will have a different classification of cancer through this new molecular classification than the current tumor classification system. This is clearly associated with patient management (especially in the era of new targeted therapies), and the potential misclassification of tumors in unselected non-small cell lung cancer (treated by a completely different approach) is comparable EGFR mutation rate. Also in this study, the difference in tumors in one subtype or the overlap between different cancers (from different organs) was provocative. For example, it has been confirmed that at least three subtypes of bladder cancer have different prognosis; one of these subtypes is almost indistinguishable from lung adenocarcinoma, and the other is most similar to squamous cell carcinoma caused by head and neck tumors. The study highlights and confirms differences between breast cancer subtypes, but also shows a surprising new finding that basal-like breast cancer actually constitutes its own cancer category. Basal-like breast cancer, commonly referred to as triple-negative breast cancer, is more prevalent, especially among African Americans and young women. At the molecular level, these basal-like breast cancers may have more in common with cancers of ovarian cancer and squamous cell carcinoma than other types of breast cancer. However, these obviously need to be verified, and these data are no less than revolutionary – as the number of case studies increases (which reflects more cancer diversity), the authors of the article believe that up to 30% to 50% of cases eventually need to be renewed. classification. The new classification approach may (should) focus more on drug development targeting large gene-like cancer groups than just a single tumor type. We should thank this amazing work, which has undoubtedly challenged our understanding... I believe it will get better and better. Source: Medical Pulse
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Cancer classification into the "Great Revolution era"?
:2014-08-27