Bitter melon planting technology Hui Nong.com has introduced a lot of people. Today, we will talk about the cultivation techniques of Fuan pumpkin, a local specialty variety in Fu'an City. Fu'an bitter melon has its special taste and can detoxify and detoxify. It is the main breed of the locality. There are also neighboring counties and cities. The taste and bitterness of the fruit surface and the sharp top are the two main characteristics of Fu'an bitter gourd to distinguish other bitter melon varieties. 1 Variety characteristics 1.1 Early maturity and high yield The variety is medium-bred, planted in Fu'an in early December, and harvested in late April; planted in mid-February, harvested in late May, harvesting period of 50-60 days. The variety has a bitter taste and high yield. The total output of 667m2 is about 2400kg, and the previous output is about 650kg. 1.2 Main agronomic traits The main vine of this variety is about 4.2m long, with the main vines as the main result. The first female flower was born in the main vines, verses 9-11. The fruit is spindle-shaped, greenish white, and the ripe fruit is cracked when it is orange-red. The fruit is 24~30cm long, the fruit diameter is about 6.9cm, the flesh is about 0.8cm thick, and the single fruit weighs 300~350g. The fruit surface has granular protrusions, which are sharp and intersect with the strips. The seed is shield-shaped, flat, and the seed coat has a pattern, yellow-brown, and the weight of 100-grain is about 20g. 1.3 disease resistance performance Field survey results: Fu'an bitter melon wilt disease incidence rate is 1.45%; powdery mildew incidence rate is 4.03%, disease index is 1.29; downy mildew incidence rate is 7.75%, disease index is 2.81. 1.4 Quality Fuan bitter gourd quality test results, 100g fresh bitter melon contains 91.8g of water, protein 0.53g, fat 0.16g, total sugar 1.31g, vitamin 52.3mg. 2 High-yield cultivation techniques 2.1 sowing seedlings 2.1.1 Sowing period In the Fu'an planting season, bitter gourd is mainly spring sowing and autumn sowing. In recent years, new cultivation modes such as spring early cultivation and autumn delay and alpine anti-season have been gradually promoted. In the early spring, the sowing period of early cultivation is as follows: three-layer cover (green shed + small arch shed + mulch), geothermal line for seedlings in mid-late November, large and medium shed for early December; spring open field cultivation (small arch shed for seedling) It is from early February to early April; autumn is from early July to early August; Yanqiu is cultivated from mid-August to early September. 2.1.2 Seedling method The dosage of 667m2 is 0.2kg. Soak seeds with 50 °C warm water for 15 min before sowing, then continue soaking for 36~48 h at room temperature. After washing, set at 30 °C to germination, and wash with hot water once a day. When 70%~80% of the seeds are white, they are planted in the pre-prepared nutrient mash. The upper cover film and small arch shed are planted early in spring, and the film and temperature management are removed at any time after emergence, and 5~7 days before planting. Carry out the refining. Generally mastered in 3 leaves and 1 heart when transplanted. 2.2 Soil preparation and fertilization Choose a plot with deep, fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage, and has not planted melon crops for at least 3 years. After the harvest, it will be deepened by about 25cm, and each 667m 2 will be applied with 2000kg of high-quality manure and 30kg of superphosphate. Before planting, the ground is leveled and thinned, and then the ground is 2m (groove) and 0.3m high. When using greenhouses and other facilities for cultivation, the shed film should be planted in time. 2.3 colonization When the seedling grows to 3 leaves and 1 heart, choose to plant in sunny days. Planted in two rows, the plant spacing is 1m from spring, 0.8m in summer and autumn, and 650~750 plants in 667m 2 plant. After the transplant, the root water is poured in time. In the early spring greenhouse cultivation, after the transplant, it should be closed for several days depending on the weather conditions to improve the temperature of the shed and promote the survival of early life. 2.4 Field Management 2.4.1 Topdressing After the transplant is lived, the seedling fertilizer is poured in time, 667m 2 is applied to 1..4 farmer's fertilizer 1000kg, and then applied once every 10d, the concentration can be gradually increased. When the first batch of fruit grows to 5~6cm, apply 1 heavy fertilizer, 667m 2 farmyard manure 1500kg + compound fertilizer 20kg. After collecting 2~3 batches of melon, apply again 1 time, apply 667m 2 compound fertilizer 40kg. After being fertilized, the greenhouse should be ventilated to prevent the fertilizer from being damaged by the high concentration of ammonia in the greenhouse. 2.4.2 Drainage In the early spring greenhouse cultivation, the soil moisture should be properly controlled before the results to increase the soil temperature. In the spring rain season, it is necessary to do a good job of clearing the ditch. In case of drought, it should be combined with fertilization for timely watering or furrow irrigation. 2.4.3 Scaffolding, plant adjustment Use a 3m long bamboo strip or wooden strip to form a herringbone frame with a height of about 2.5m. When the plant grows to 30cm, the vines are put on the shelf, and when the main vine grows to 50cm or more, the whole vine is started, and the side vines of the base are cut off. The first female flower on the main vine is generally removed, so that the second female flower is stalked. When pruning, cut all the side branches below 50cm, and remove the yellow leaves and thin side branches at any time to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. 2.5 pest control 2.5.1 Diseases The main diseases are blight, stagnation, anthracnose, blight and powdery mildew. The first method of prevention and control is to strictly implement the rotation; the second is to apply 100-150kg of lime in the first 667m 2 of the land preparation; the third is to strengthen the flood control and discharge, properly ventilate the shed, and reduce the humidity in the shed; Fourth, the diseased plants are found to be removed in time. Lime disinfection in the diseased hole; Fifth, chemical control, sputum disease can be selected with 90% Phytophthora WP 500 times solution, or 72.2% Plex water 600 times solution with water spray; Blight can be used 50% off 600% solution of mildew WP, or 600% solution of WP WP; 25% charcoal WP 1500 times, or 75% chlorothalonil WP 800 times Liquid spray control; powdery mildew is sprayed with 15% powder rusting wettable powder 1000 times solution; for the control of blight, 41% polypyridinium-pyrimidinamine is used to dilute the diseased plants 600~800 times, if the pathogens are harmful to the aboveground part, The ground part should be sprayed at the same time as the root part, and the medicine should be applied once every 7 days. 2.5.2 Pests The main pests are yellow stalks, melons, and mites. Huang Shougua uses adult killing 毙 8000 times liquid to control adult worms. The melon is evenly sprayed with 2% avermectin 1000 times solution or 10% methomyl 800 times solution. Aphid 667m2 was sprayed with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 20g and water 50kg. 2.6 timely harvest When the young melon grows up, the melons are obvious, the skin is shiny, and the top color of the fruit begins to be harvested from green to white. 3 Seeding Because bitter gourd is an insect-borne cross-pollination crop, it is easy to hybridize with other bitter melon varieties to produce a mixture. Therefore, the planting must be naturally isolated, that is, there should be no other bitter melon varieties within 1000m. Bitter gourd from flowering to seed maturity generally 18~20d, when the lower end of the melon is just beginning to appear orange-red, the seed melon has not been cracked when the seed is planted in time, the harvested melon needs to be cut off after 2d to remove the seed, and then washed with water Extra-fruited fruit, dried, ventilated. The above is the cultivation technology of Fuan bitter gourd. You can refer to the study. Have you tried Fu'an bitter melon? 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