Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
Many different types of laboratory tests can identify microorganisms. Laboratory tests use a sample of blood, urine, sputum, or other fluid or tissue from the body.
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Doctors suspect an infection based on the person's symptoms, physical examination results, and risk factors. First, doctors confirm that the person has an infection rather than another type of illness. For example, a person with a cough and difficulty breathing may have pneumonia (a lung infection). However, the person may instead have asthma or heart failure, which are not caused by infection. In such a person, a chest x-ray can help doctors distinguish pneumonia from the other possible disorders.
Once doctors confirm that the person has an infection, they usually need to know which specific microorganism is causing the infection. Many different microorganisms can cause a given infection. For example, pneumonia can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or, rarely, fungi. The treatment is different for each microorganism.
Nano-fertilizer research in China reached the international advanced level
Nano-fertilizers that have been included in the national "863" high-tech development program have passed the appraisal organized by the Ministry of Agriculture. The scientific and technical personnel of the Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, the Institute of Atmospheric Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the Hunan Agricultural University used chemical and physical micro-emulsification and high-shear techniques to develop and manufacture nano-sized cement coating agents with sustained-release properties. Experts believe that this achievement is the first of its kind at home and abroad. This achievement adopts the "different speed change" technology to produce "mixed cement-enveloped slow- and controlled-release special fertilizers for crops", so that the release rate of nutrients is basically in line with the needs of fertilizers during the crop growth period. They have designed a full set of processes and equipment for the “Nano-material-coated and slow-release/controlled-release fertilizers†with independent intellectual property rights. The technology is advanced, the equipment is easy to operate, the production cost is low, and there is a broad prospect for popularization and application. It is an original technology and has reached the international advanced level.