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The high-efficiency, happy-shape fruit trees are generally transformed from sparse or spind-shaped fruit trees, and are most suitable for the Qiaohua orchard with closed trees and moderate tree vigor. After transformation, the tree vigor is stable and can achieve high yield and stable production for many years.
The first transformation of the old tree is to dry it. Remove the main branch below 100 cm from the main trunk. For sparse layered fruit trees, remove the first branch of the main branch from the first layer and increase the stem height to 100 to 120 cm. At the same time, remove the large branching branches and backs on the main branch year after year. Big branch. The oblique branch and the horizontal branch on the main branch were pulled to 120 degrees and inclined downwardly to reduce the branching potential. The summer branch was used to take the branch, twist tip, and ring cut to cultivate the pendulum group.
The second is falling head and happy. Saw the center of the third layer above the sparse layered tree to dry up and enjoy the fun. The large lateral branch on the major branch is removed year after year or the result is transformed into a uniaxially extending pendular result branch group.
The third is to clear the excess branches of the center, and finally to keep 3 to 4 large branches on the center. The distance between the three major branches is about 20 centimeters, with an azimuth angle of 120 degrees, and the branching angle is 60-70 degrees. If four major branches are retained, they are distributed in an azimuth angle of 90 degrees. The major branches do not leave large lateral branches any more. Instead, the branching on the main branch is cultivated into a droop-like result branch group by means of pulling branches, twisting tips, taking branches, and ring cutting during summer trimming. The result of the result of the branch on the main branch will be removed in 4 to 5 years, and the new branch will be used to re-cultivate and update the result branch.
New tree pruning
For new planting trees, if you want to develop a high-efficiency, happy-shape, you can use the method of cultivation of natural happy-fruit trees to trim. It should be noted that the natural happy-shaped trunk is relatively low, generally 50 cm, while the high-efficiency happy-shape trunk is relatively high, generally 90-120 cm, so the main branch should be selected at 90-120 cm. Followed by the natural happy-shaped main branches on the branching branch, branching on the secondary branch again, when the plastic surgery to select the appropriate location on the main branch short cut, training lateral branch and vice lateral branch. On the main branch of a high-glossy, smooth-growing fruit tree, no collaterals were provided and the pendulous-like branch was directly cultured. Therefore, during the winter cuts, only the 3 to 4 main branch extension heads selected after the drying are cut short to expand the canopy. For the branching on the main branch, all 20 to 30 centimeters from the center should be removed, and the rest of the branches should be slowly placed and pulled. During the summer pruning, the measures of twisting shoots, picking branches, and picking up the hearts are adopted to cultivate the drooping group of fruiting branches, and at the same time to eliminate the back branches, the dense branches and the competing branches.
Precautions
First, reform should not be rushed too fast, and should not be over-engineered to avoid tree-trend returns and affect production. It usually takes 3 to 5 years to complete the transformation. Second, pay attention to wound protection to prevent rot infection. Third, to strengthen fertilizer and water management, increase organic fertilizer, orchards and grass covered grass to improve the orchard microclimate. Fourth, to strengthen the summer pruning to prevent the tree from returning to prosperity, mainly using pull, take, transfer, engrave, cut, peel and other methods, control branches prosperous, so that branches ease, easy to flower. Fifth, strictly control the amount of fruit. After remodeling, due to the concentration of nutrients, a large number of high-quality flower buds can be formed, and attention should be paid to thinning and thinning fruit to maintain a reasonable load. Sixth, we must cultivate a strong tree vigor in management, and the cultivation of branches and branches should be high school, low school, small and medium-sized collocations.
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