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The mushroom is rich in nutrients, delicious and delicious, and enjoys the reputation of “mountain forest treasuresâ€. The fresh mushrooms have delicate meat, crispy handles, and good taste. They are popular with European and American consumers. They are the new mushroom types recommended by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to developing countries, and have become one of the top ten varieties in the international mushroom trading market. The price of fresh snap mushroom on the U.S. market is 4-7 U.S. dollars per pound.
Artificial domestication cultivation of Stropharia was started in Germany in 1969, and China was introduced and successfully planted in the 1980s. Stropharia ostreatus artificial cultivation of raw materials, a wide range of sources, simple process, short cycle, high yield, good efficiency. The use of rice straw, wheat straw and other raw materials for indoor and outdoor cultivation, fresh mushroom yield of 15 ~ 30 kg / square meters, is a very promising new varieties of edible fungi. Now introduce its biological characteristics and cultivation techniques as follows:
First, biological characteristics (a) morphological characteristics of fruiting body single, grouped or clustered, cap size, usually 7-45 cm in diameter, the largest mushroom cluster up to several kilograms; the first half of the cap flat to flat, flat back, early white ,Gradation is burgundy or dark brown, brown to grayish brown after aging, smooth surface, with fibrous or fibrillar scales, slightly sticky when wet; fungus flesh thick, white; pleated straight, close to white, After turning into a dark purple gray, blade-like, slightly wider, the skirt is irregularly nicked; stipe thick, 9-15 cm long, 1-4 cm in diameter, gradually thickened toward the base, medium or empty, smooth surface, with Filamentous luster, early white, light yellowish brown; cystic ring thick membranous, with deep grooves above the ring, deep-seated into a star-shaped, lobular tip up roll, sclerotinia ring easily detached; spores oval, thick-walled, spores printed Purple brown.
(b) Living conditions
1. In the artificial cultivation of nutrients, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the culture materials such as wheat straw, rice straw, and sawdust are used as the main carbon source for the Stropharia capsula. The protein and amino acids in the bran or rice bran are used as the nitrogen source. It also uses the mineral elements and vitamins contained in the culture material. These conditions are the material basis for the normal growth of Stropharia.
2. Temperature and temperature are one of the main factors affecting mycelium growth and fruit body differentiation and development of Stropharia rugoso-annulata. Stropharia is a moderate temperature type fungus, the optimal temperature for the germination stage is 22-27°C, the optimum temperature for primordial differentiation is 10-16°C, and the optimum temperature for the fruit body growth and development period is 16-2l°C.
3. Moisture and moisture Moisture is the basis for all life activities of Stropharia ostreatus. The proper moisture content of the culture medium is the guarantee for successful cultivation. When straw or wheat straw is used as the main material, 100 kg of culture material is mixed with about 150 kg of clear water; wood chips are used as the main material, and 100 kg of culture material is used with 110-120 kg of fresh water. Since Stropharia spp. use more beds, the culture materials are prone to loss of water, so the relative humidity of the ambient air should be kept between 65% and 75% during the germination period, and 85%-95% for the primordial differentiation and fruiting body growth stage.
4. Oxygen air mushroom mycelial growth in the early stage of the oxygen requirement is not high. As the mycelium grows, ventilation should be enhanced to keep the air fresh. The formation of primordium and the growth stage of fruiting bodies are strong in metabolism. Ventilation and ventilation should be strengthened to ensure adequate supply of oxygen, and to eliminate carbon dioxide generated during the growth process.
5. Illumination does not require illumination in the light mycelial growth stage. Attention should be paid to light-shading culture. The scattered light of 100-5500 lux is required for primordial differentiation and fruit body growth.
6. Acidity and alkalinity of the material slightly acidic to Stropharia ungulates growth, the optimum pH is 5.5-6. The soil pH is also suitable for partial acidity, and the optimum pH is generally 5.7-6.
Stropharia species introduction
Stropharia rugosannularis (Stropharia rugosannulata), also known as the wrinkled globe cap mushroom, Spherical gigant mushroom, Rhizopus bulbous mushroom, belongs to the basidiomycotina, lamellar flora, agaricus, Stropharia, Stropharia. Stropharia globosa is mainly distributed in temperate regions of Europe, North and South America and Asia, and China's Yunnan, Sichuan, Tibet, Jilin and other provinces (autonomous regions) are all wildly distributed. This species is known to have 10 species in China.