Whether red wine is anti-cancer or cancer-causing

At the banquet, should I raise the red wine toast? A recent US study said that women who like to drink red wine, even if only for a drink, will also increase the risk of breast cancer. However, reading the European and U.S. newspapers and literature records, "Red wine can prevent breast cancer" report impressively - the latest research has not explained this.

The story is not finished yet. Recently, another American scientist has discovered that in people with a history of heart disease, drinkers or alcoholics live longer than those who are abstainers. Previous studies have also considered that "red wine is good for heart health." However, there are medical personnel who jumped out to remind: “Compared with alcoholics, drinkers are at higher risk of liver disease.”

Is red wine anti-cancer or cancer? Is it a drink or not? Not only red wine, but a series of scientific findings related to health knowledge are seriously contradictory. Medical personnel call this a "bad science" that misleads the public and begin to teach identification methods.

Drink or not drink?

"A glass of red wine a day, the cardiologist is away from you," and the red wine has always had a "fame". In 2000, a Danish study showed that compared to people who do not drink red wine, the risk of dying of a wine drinker is reduced by half - in fact, there are still many research findings that lead to such conclusions. The researchers analyzed that because drinking wine in a modest amount will increase the body's high density lipoprotein (HDL) content, which is a beneficial cholesterol that can prevent heart disease.

Since then, the public has heard from scientists another key function of red wine - prevention of cancer, especially female breast cancer. In October this year, the "Journal of the American Society for Experimental Biology Society" also published a study that found new evidence of anti-cancer red wine: "Resveratrol" in red wine can effectively prevent breast cancer cells by affecting estrogen. The growth.

Ironically, the negative news of red wine accompanies positive news. The "New York Times" reported on November 1 that a study led by Dr. Wendy Chen of Harvard Medical School found that after 10,000-year-old nurses were followed up for 20 years, they found that they consumed 5-10 alcohol per day. Grams (equivalent to drinking 3-6 glasses of wine a week) will increase women's risk of breast cancer by 15%. And this effect is cumulative, and every 10 grams of daily intake of alcohol increases the risk of cancer by 10%.

In fact, many researchers have said that the carcinogenicity of red wine is similar to that of beer and white wine, because they all contain “alcohol”—it is considered the culprit. This is because alcohol (also known as ethanol) is converted into “toxic” acetaldehyde when it enters the body. It requires enzymes to be metabolized, but not everyone has enough enzymes to complete metabolism. For a long time, researchers have suspected that acetaldehyde may cause cancer.

At this point, the merits of red wine is not in a confused account. In November, the British Reuters issued a blunt essay that the relationship between red wine and health “a fog” - only 3 days, the agency issued two articles on the impact of red wine on health, one is Harvard Medical School Wendy · According to Dr. Chen’s discovery, “drinking red wine will also increase the risk of breast cancer”. An article is a collaborative study between Italy and the United States and found that after a heart attack, drinkers or alcoholics have longer life expectancy than those who drink alcohol. This is a good heart for red wine. Another evidence of blood vessels.

When reading these reports from the mass media, what should the ordinary people do? "The potential benefit that women who refuse to drink will find is that the risk of developing breast cancer is reduced, but it may also increase the risk of death from cardiovascular disease..." But researchers have no answer.

"Observatory study"

The relationship between red wine and health has already attracted the attention of European and American researchers. Just looking at each study on red wine, there are relevant experimental evidence, otherwise it is difficult to publish in professional journals, but overall, there are a few contradictions.

The consensus reached by researchers is that the efficacy of red wine comes mainly from grapes. Researchers discovered resveratrol and flavonoids in grape skins and grape seeds. In particular, flavonoids can reduce the body's low-density lipoprotein (LDL) content, a harmful cholesterol. However, researchers reminded them that they need to consume a large amount of red wine (because most people do not even eat grapes with belt seeds). The harm of red wine is mainly "alcohol".

In addition, European and American researchers have discovered that the problem of self-contradiction in red wine research is in “observed research”, which is a common research method in scientific research. Taking a study led by Dr. Wendy Chen of Harvard Medical School as an example, they conducted a follow-up survey of 100,000 nurses for 20 years, comparing the risk of breast cancer with the amount of red wine consumed. Get a close proportional relationship between the two.

However, this is not a causality study. Researchers have not found the mechanism of red wine causing breast cancer or the culprit of the disease. It is only a related observation. This point, Dr. Wendy Chan himself also admitted to the media. Analyzed by American peers, it is very likely that people who drink red wine have bad living habits, while those who are abstinent do not. This has led to an increase in the risk of breast cancer.

This is not a proverb. British epidemiologist Ben Dunker once cited a famous example - "The Daily Mail" reported that in 2001 a study in Australia said that eating more olive oil can reduce wrinkles. “But when you collect literature sources, you will find that this is an observational study... Those who have less wrinkles have a certain degree of particularity. They are elegant and wealthy and do not work outdoors. It is likely that a series of socio-political factors make them Less wrinkles."

"Blind people feel like"

“A long-standing and bizarre mission of many newspapers in the world is to divide everything in the world into carcinogenic and anti-cancer.” Bendokke took the British “Daily Mail” as an example. Divorce, wireless networks, toiletries, and coffee are carcinogenic; and crust, red pepper, licorice, and coffee are anti-cancer. Like red wine, coffee is both cancer and cancer prevention...

“The overlap of observational research and causal research will bring about plausible results.” The researchers lamented that this is because current medical research is in the state of “blind people” and many medical phenomena have not been fully explained. Many unsolved mysteries.

Some readers stated that "observed studies" that do not have a definitive mechanism to study should be banned. However, medical personnel told reporters that "observed research" is a hint for "causal research", otherwise the study is even more inconceivable. At this stage, researchers advise readers that when reading reports about health research results, read the reasons for the results. In the case of red wine, for example, Harvard University's report stated that drinking red wine also increases the risk of breast cancer, but the close reading report has a small risk for the average woman. For example, usually a 50-year-old woman has a breast cancer risk of about 3% within five years. According to the report, the risk of a 15% increase in the use of a drink is only 3.45%. In addition, there is currently no conclusive evidence that alcohol is harmful.

However, researchers from Europe and the United States stated that drinking red wine is by no means a preventive measure recommended by medical experts. After all, the risk of illness depends on lifestyle, family genetics, environmental pollution, and stress. There are many factors.

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