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Clinicians classify burns into three categories based on the depth of the damaged skin: one-degree burns (superficial burns), second-degree burns (partial thickness burns: shallow partial thickness and deep partial burns), and third-degree burns (full-thickness burns). Nine patients (8 males and 1 female), aged 29 to 72 years, with superficial thickness, deep partial thickness, and full-thickness burns, participated in the study. The method of spectral index proposed in this study consists of four steps: (1) hyperspectral image acquisition; (2) hyperspectral image processing; and (3) calculation of burn spectral index (SBSI) from each pixel of the hyperspectral image. And (4) generate a burn rating map (BCM). 
The experimental results reveal for the first time that the depth of burn can be accurately assessed by combining the hyperspectral imaging with the calculation formula to determine the spectral index of the skin. This new approach is an important advance in the field of hyperspectral applications and burn depth grading.
References: SORIN VIOREL PARASCA et al. Hyperspectral index-based metric for burn depth assessment. Biomedical Optics Express, 2018: 5778.
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Assessment of skin burn depth using hyperspectral imaging
Burn depth grading is essential for treating and treating skin burns. Although the tests have so far evaluated the wide variety of burn depths, they have not been widely used clinically. The Carroll Davila Medical University in Romania uses Specim hyperspectral imaging combined with spectral index techniques to perform a new method for assessing burn depth, which uses specific spectral bands to map areas of the skin with different burn levels. The spectral index magnifies the contrast between normal skin and areas with different burn levels, taking advantage of differences in spectral amplitudes that occur due to morphological and physiological changes occurring in burned skin. By using the new measurable spectral index, an accurate burn rating map can be generated showing the spatial distribution of different burn types, the treatment process, and the post-evaluation.
Reflective spectra of normal and burned skin
As can be seen from the figure, the three peaks of the normal skin reflectance spectrum are at 525 nm (Rmax1 = 0.3071), 556 nm (Rmax2 = 0.2929) and 760 nm (Rmax3 = 0.5826), respectively. In burned skin, the reflectance spectra have the same shape, but the reflectance values ​​increase over all spectral ranges. The height of the second peak is significantly different, and the third peak is almost twice the normal skin (ΔR = 0.4744), which can be an indicator of burn severity. Therefore, considering this important difference in the spectral characteristics of normal and burned skin, the wavelengths λi = 556 nm and λj = 760 nm are considered to be the optimum values ​​for calculating the SBSI index. a): SBSI image; b): burn grading map (BCM); c): blood laser Doppler image; d): blood laser Doppler digital image; e): spectral index of 6 burn grading
The picture shows the burn grading results of a 47-year-old male with chest burns. The SBSI image (a) shows that the lower the SBSI index, the deeper the burn. The negative value of the SBSI index corresponds to a skin area (dark pixels) with full-thickness burns or normal skin. Bright pixels in the image (positive SBSI values) correspond to areas of the skin with superficial and deep partial thickness burns. The clustering method is used to divide the continuous range of SBSI indices into burns corresponding to different levels, and BCM(b) is obtained: dark blue/blue indicates areas with full-thickness and normal skin (level 1 and 2), green/ Yellow indicates deep dermis (grades 3 and 4) and magenta/red applies to superficial areas of skin (grades 5 and 6).