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Second, the fuel system
1. Fuel Oil for diesel engines must be selected according to the relevant provisions in the “Oil Provisionsâ€, and suitable diesel should be selected in conjunction with the local working environment. The specification and performance of diesel fuel should meet the requirements of GB252-81 "Light Diesel Oil".
2. Oil storage containers should be kept clean.
3, the new oil should be after a considerable period of time (preferably seven nights) of precipitation treatment, and then slowly sucked out, into the diesel tank.
4. The diesel in the bulldozer diesel tank is best filled immediately after the work is completed to prevent the gas condensation in the tank from mixing into the oil. At the same time, there is a certain amount of time for the next day to use oil to precipitate water and impurities in the tank for removal.
5. When refueling, keep the operator's hands clean for oil drums, diesel tanks, filling ports, and tools. When using a suction pump, care should be taken not to pull any sediment from the bottom of the bucket.
6, when refueling. It is forbidden to have a fire nearby.
7. The quantity of oil should be checked frequently. If the scale of the lower limit of the dipstick is not enough, it must be filled.
8. The filter screen at the filler port is cleaned once every 100 hours.
9. Each diesel filter should remove sediment in time according to the working environment. However, the maximum interval time should not exceed 200 hours. After removing the sediment, deflation should be performed to avoid problems such as difficulty in starting and insufficient power.
Third, the cooling system
1, the use of cooling water:
(1) Distilled water, tap water, rainwater, or clean river water should be used as the cooling water for diesel engines. Dirty or hard water (well water, mineral water, and other waters with high salt content) should not be used in order to avoid fouling and erosion of cylinder liners. Only hard water conditions must be softened to make it available.
(2) When water is added to the water tank, the cooling system may not be fully increased at one time. After the diesel engine is running, it should be checked again. If it is insufficient, it should be added. The cooling system inlet is located at the top of the bulldozer's small top cover.
(3) In the case of continuous operation, the cooling water should be replaced once every 300 hours. The bulldozer diesel engine cooling system has five sections for water discharge: 1 at the bottom of the tank; 2 at the lower part of the diesel water-cooled oil cooler; 3 at the front end of the diesel engine and at the circulating water pump; 4 at the left front of the transfer case, on the diesel engine body; Water tank outlet pipe bottom.
2, scale treatment:
Every 600 hours, a scale treatment should be performed on the diesel cooling system.
In the case of scale treatment, it is generally cleaned with an acidic cleaning solution and neutralized with an alkaline aqueous solution. Through chemical reactions, water-insoluble scales are converted into water-soluble salts, which are eliminated with water.
The specific operation process is as follows:
(1) Remove the thermostat of the cooling system.
(2) Start the diesel engine so that the water temperature rises to 70-85°C. After the floating scale has turned up, immediately turn off the water and let go.
(3) The prepared acidic cleaning solution is injected into the water tank, and the diesel engine is started to run at 600-800r/min for about 40 minutes, and the cleaning fluid is discharged by flameout.
Preparation of acidic cleaning solution:
Three kinds of acids are added in fresh water in the following proportions:
Hydrochloric acid: 5 to 15%
Hydrofluoric acid: 2 to 4%
Glycolic acid: 1 to 4%
After mixing, you can use it.
In addition, an appropriate amount of polyoxyethylene alkyl allyl ether may be added as necessary to increase the permeability and dispersibility of the scale.
The use temperature of the acidic cleaning solution should not exceed 65C.
The preparation and use of the cleaning fluid can also be performed with reference to the relevant contents of the "135" series diesel engine service and maintenance manual.
(4) Then, a 5% aqueous solution of sodium carbonate was injected to neutralize the acidic cleaning solution remaining in the cooling system. The diesel engine was started and allowed to run slowly for 4 to 5 minutes, and then quenched to release aqueous sodium carbonate solution.
(5)Fill the clean water at the end and start the diesel engine so that the operating speed is high or low. Rinse the residual solution in the cooling system with clean water and circulate for a while to turn off the water. According to this process, the cycle is operated several times until the released water is neutral with litmus paper.
(6) Within 5 to 7 days after cleaning, the cooling water should be changed every day to prevent the residual scale from blocking the water.
3, the use of antifreeze:
In cold and cold conditions, antifreeze can be used.
Fourth, air filter air filter in accordance with the use of regulations, serious technical maintenance, not only can extend the life of the air filter,
Can provide a good working condition for the diesel engine. Therefore, the following items should be noted when using:
l. The paper filter should be removed every 100 to 200 hours of operation of the engine. Use a vibrating or compressed air (pressure less than 0.49 MPa) to clean the filter element by blowing it out from the center of the filter or gently tapping the end face. Do not use any oil or water. Cleaning.
2. Replace the paper filter after every 1000 to 2000 hours of operation.
3, every working 3000 ~ 4000 hours should replace the internal security filter.
4. The paper filter must be reliably sealed when it is installed, and no air leakage or short circuit is allowed.
5, if the paper filter is blocked by oil, water and other sticky dirt so that the engine exhaust is too thick, after cleaning the filter can not be improved or damaged when the paper core should replace the new filter.
6. The connecting pipe between the air filter outlet and the diesel air intake pipe, and the connection between the air filter dust collecting chamber and the exhaust air ejecting rubber pipe, shall be sealed reliably and shall not leak gas.
7. When the diesel engine is in operation, it is forbidden to remove the air filter.
Fifth, various types of components in the electrical system electrical system, especially the battery, technical maintenance work is good or bad for its length of service, has an important impact, so it must be carefully prepared in accordance with the provisions.
1, battery:
(1) There are two 6-OA-195 dry charged batteries in the machine's electrical system. They are used in series and the system voltage is 24V. Each battery has a rated voltage of 12V and a 20-hour rate discharge capacity of 195Ah.
(2) First filling and use
a. Electro-hydraulic must be made of chemical pure sulfuric acid and distilled water. The liquid temperature during use should not be lower than 21°C (70T) or equal to 32°C (90F);
b. The specific gravity of electro-hydraulic depends on the climate and temperature of the area in use.
Room temperature is:
30C ~ 40C electro-hydraulic specific gravity 1.270;
20 °C ~ 30 °C electro-hydraulic specific gravity 1.280;
Below 20C, the proportion of electro-hydraulic 1.290;
c. After the battery is installed, the liquid level shall be checked. If the electro-hydraulic protection plate is less than 10mm, an appropriate amount of electro-hydraulic must be added.
d, before installing the battery, if there is ample time for 3 to 4 hours of charging, the battery performance will be more favorable;
e. After infusing the electro-hydraulic, if it is used within 12/J' or when it is in use, if it is used for a short time or if the generator is out of order, it must be charged with 10 ampere charging rate for 3 to 4 hours;
f. The effective dry charge time of the battery is 12 months. When it is used, if it exceeds the battery effective charge date, it can be charged according to the above charging rate. The charging time takes a lot of air bubbles from the electro-hydraulic, and the voltage and electro-hydraulic specific gravity are continuously maintained. Stable up to 5 hours.
(3) Battery maintenance
a. Electro-hydraulic surface should be 10mm above the protective plate. During use period, if the liquid level is insufficient, only distilled water can be used for supplement;
b. Tighten the fluid plugs of the liquid inlet frequently and keep the battery and its surroundings dry and clean;
c. If the battery is used in a situation where it cannot be charged, when the proportion of electro-hydraulic drops to 1.175, it shall be stopped and shall be charged. The charging time shall be increased to the specified reading with the proportion of electro-hydraulic and stable for up to three hours. ;
d. The unused battery should be charged once a month;
e. Terminal posts and wire clips may be coated with a thin layer of petroleum jelly to prevent corrosion.
2, starter motor:
(1) Always check that the fasteners of the starter motor are firmly connected, that the conductors are in contact with each other, and that dirt is eliminated.
(2) Regularly check and keep the commutator clean, the brush is not stuck, and the pressure of the top spring is normal. If the brushes are worn and the commutator surfaces are singed, they should be repaired and replaced immediately.
(3) Check the conductor insulation for damage.
3, charging generator:
The charge generator shall be disassembled and maintained every 1000 to 1500 hours of operation. Its contents are as follows:
(1) Use compressed air or skin tigers to blow dust from the various parts, and use gasoline to remove oil from the collector rings and coil parts.
(2) Clean the bearings and replace the grease. The front and rear ends of the charging generator cover are equipped with rolling bearings, which are lubricated with complex calcium-based grease. The amount of filling is not easy to be excessive, especially if too much is added in the rear cover bearing, which will easily cause the grease to overflow. Splashing on the slip ring will cause poor contact. Affects the performance of the charging generator.
(3) Check whether the coils, rotors, and rectification components are soldered off. Whether the dry coil is broken or short-circuited, etc., the soldering should be repaired, and the burned one should be replaced.
(4) Check the rectification element must use a multimeter, never allow megohm meter (rocking table) or higher than 30V power supply to detect. First use the "ten" test stick to take the generator's "10" outlet head, use "1" tester to take the generator "a" outlet head to measure the multimeter indication value should be around 40Q. For example, use a "1" test stick to take the generator "10" outlet and use a "+" test stick to take the generator "a" outlet. The indicator value of the multimeter should be above 10000Q, indicating that the rectifier element group is normal. Otherwise, it is not normal to test the motor cable assembly and component connection lines, and measure the rectifier components one by one with a multimeter.
(5) Check whether the brush wear condition and brush spring pressure are normal, and whether the brush holder and the outlet screw are well insulated to the ground. If the brush wears too much, replace it.
4, charging generator regulator:
(1) The charging generator regulator is a relatively sophisticated electrical appliance. Do not adjust it at will. When it is confirmed that the regulator is faulty, check the fault first. In general, first check whether the contacts are contaminated. The regulator spring only acts to adjust the voltage data. If the spring is stretched, the data rises, and if not, it drops.
(2) For every 350 operating hours of the charging generator regulator, check the data and refurbish the contacts on the special equipment. The FT221 relay's operating voltage is 8 to 10V; the voltage regulator's regulating voltage is 27 to 29V at half load.
(3) When the relay contacts are separated, the gap between the armature and the iron core is 0.8 to 1 mm, the gap between the contacts is 0.8 to 1 mm, and the gap between the armature and the core of the voltage regulator is 1.4 to 1. 1. Smm.
5. Other components Other components can be technically maintained according to the specifications of each manufacturer.
Sixth, the hydraulic system bulldozer has three hydraulic systems, namely the main clutch hydraulic system, the steering hydraulic system and the working device hydraulic system.
Hydraulic system oils should always be kept clean and full, which is one of the important conditions for extending the service life of hydraulic systems. Therefore, the oil level should be inspected every 60 hours. There are three oil level inspections. 1 is the main clutch hydraulic system oil filling port, which is located in the upper part of the main clutch; 2 is the oil filling port of the steering hydraulic system, located above the rear axle box, the driver's seat. On the right side; 3 is the hydraulic system filling port of the working device, which is located on the outer side of the hydraulic control box. There are dipsticks 4 in all three refueling days. Can be used to check the oil level.
1, found that lack of oil level, timely supplement the oil used;
2. Find the oil leakage phenomenon to find out the cause in time;
3. If it is found that the oil is spoiled or dirty, replace it with new oil or release it for filtration.
Under normal circumstances, oil change is performed once every 800-1200 hours (new engine is changed once in 60 hours). When changing the oil, the oil filter screen in each hydraulic system must be thoroughly cleaned. The paper filter can only be washed in light diesel oil or kerosene, and should not be scrubbed with the brush. The magnetic oil wall should also be cleaned. When changing the oil pressure in each hydraulic system, drain the dirty oil as far as possible and carefully clean it, then add new oil as required by the oil.
The main clutch hydraulic system and steering hydraulic system can be routinely drained and cleaned.
When the hydraulic system of the work unit drains oil, the blade is lifted to the highest position by manipulating the bulldozer, then the diesel engine is turned off.
The magnetic oil plug in the lower part of the hydraulic control box is opened for oil discharge. Finally, the joystick is moved so that the blade can slowly fall to the ground to eliminate the residual oil in the fuel tank. Clean the oil after draining it. If the bulldozer is equipped with a ripper, the draining process of the hydraulic oil in the loose soil cylinder is similar to the oil draining process of the bulldozer cylinder described above.
Use a special funnel to carry the fuel. After the fuel is added, the engine runs at a low speed. Raise the blade 3 to 5 times repeatedly and refill the oil tank of each hydraulic system until the liquid level reaches the required level.
Seven, regular maintenance
1, 8-10 hours technical maintenance:
(1) Before work:
a. According to the relevant regulations in this manual, add oil or grease to each tank and lubrication point according to the amount.
b. Fill up with cooling water.
c. Whether the nut is loose or missing, if any, tighten it and fill it up.
d. Check whether the joysticks are flexible and reliable and whether the stroke is normal.
e. Check whether the diesel exhaust and sound are normal and whether there is any leakage.
f. Check whether the various instruments are working properly and have abnormal phenomena eliminated in time.
g. If any parts leak oil or abnormal noise, remove it in time.
h. Remove dust from the air filter dust cup.
(2) After work:
a. Clean all parts and components to check for any missing, damaged or leaked parts.
b. Add diesel to the diesel tank.
c. Cooling water should be filled in summer and cooling water or antifreeze should be added in winter or cold area.
d. Store it properly.
2, 60 hours technical maintenance:
(1) Perform each of the 8-10 hour technical maintenance.
(2) Adjust the tightness of the fan belt.
(3) Check the electrolyte level and density of the battery electrolyte. If it is insufficient, add or charge it.
(4) Check the electrical system for any short circuit, open circuit, or damage.
(5) Check the operation status of the transmission system and the oil level. If there is a fault, remove it.
(6) Check the tension of the track and adjust if necessary.
(7) Remove the dirt from the diesel engine sump and check the oil level.
(8) Check the oil level of each hydraulic system and add fuel, and change the oil when the new machine is used.
3,125-150 hours technical maintenance:
(1) According to the 60-hour technical maintenance section.
(2) Clean the oil filter elements.
(3) Replace all cooling water.
(4) Adjust the fan belt.
(5) Clean the air filter element or replace it.
(6) Check the oil level of the components of the driveline and refuel if necessary.
(7) Check the oil level of the hydraulic control box and add fuel if necessary.
4,300 hours technical maintenance:
(1) The provisions of the 125-150 hour technical maintenance regulations are carried out.
(2) Clean up each cooling system.
(3) Adjust the stroke of each joystick.
(4) Tighten the track shoe bolts and nuts.
(5) Check the guide wheel and carrier sprocket lubricant and check the working condition of the floating oil seal.
(6) The diesel engine lubrication systems are filtered or replaced with oil.
5, disassembly and maintenance:
After the machine has been working for 4,000 to 6,000 hours, it must be disassembled and maintained. After disassembling and maintenance, the machine can basically reach the level of 4000 to 6,000 hours. In the disassembly and maintenance, refer to the structure and disassembly instructions in the second to sixth chapters of this manual. According to the general mechanical disassembly procedures, the main parts are inspected and measured, and if necessary repaired or replaced.
6, special maintenance:
In the case of rain, water, snow, and dusty conditions, as well as working in severe cold areas, this machine strictly implements regular maintenance regulations. Special attention must be paid to the inspection and maintenance of the following items:
(1) Tighten oil plugs everywhere to prevent corrosion.
(2) Clean the work in time and carefully check the condition of the whole machine.
(3) Pay special attention to the cleaning of oil fillers, utensils, grease, etc.
(4) Check if the final drive has muddy water.
(5) Wet weather Attention Check whether the air filter element is clogged and, if so, clean or replace it in time.
(6) When the dust is large, the filling port of the diesel engine oil pan must be cleaned every 3 to 5 days.
(7) Under the severe cold conditions, choose suitable diesel oil, lubricating oil and grease. Cooling water should be added antifreeze. Check the battery at any time.
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Diesel engine maintenance knowledge
I. Overview Technical maintenance is a very important task. Doing well will not only ensure the safe operation of the bulldozer, but also extend the service life. Therefore, before and after the operation, the bulldozers should be inspected and maintained as required. During the operation, attention should also be paid to any irregularities in the operation of the bulldozer, such as noises, odors, vibrations, etc., in order to promptly identify the problems and solve them in time so as to avoid serious consequences due to the deterioration of minor faults. At the same time, if technical maintenance is done well, it is also possible to extend the period of large and medium repair of bulldozers and give full play to their effectiveness.